State of California
AIR RESOURCES BOARD
Summary of Board Meeting
May 12-13, 1994
State Building
Auditorium, Room 1138
107 South Broadway
Los Angeles, California
MEMBERS PRESENT: Hons. Jacqueline E. Schafer, Chairwoman
Brian
Bilbray
Eugene
A. Boston, M.D.
Joseph
C. Calhoun, P.E.
Lynne
T. Edgerton, Esq.
M.
Patricia Hilligoss
John
S. Lagarias, P.E.
Jack
C. Parnell
Barbara
Riordan
Doug
Vagim
Harriett
Wieder
AGENDA ITEM #
94-5-1 |
Public Meeting to Consider a Status Report on the Implementation of the Low-Emission Vehicle Regulations SUMMARY OF AGENDA ITEM: On May 12-13, 1994, ARB staff presented the second biennial update of the California low-emission vehicle and clean fuel regulations, which were initially adopted by the Board in September 1990. The low-emission vehicle regulations created four new categories of vehicles: transitional low-emission vehicles (TLEVs); low-emission vehicles (LEVs); ultra-low-emission vehicles (ULEVs); and zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). Based on discussions with emission control suppliers and automobile manufacturers, plus testing of advanced prototype vehicles at ARB, the staff concluded that technology is available to meet the requirements of the TLEV, LEV, and ULEV categories. The cost of these low-emission vehicles was determined to be moderate and the program was found to be highly cost-effective. TLEVs were estimated to cost an additional $66 for the consumer, LEVs an additional $120, and ULEVs an additional $227. In contrast, manufacturers' cost estimates were significantly higher than ARB estimates. However, manufacturers did not provide any data to substantiate their claims. Concerning ZEVs, the staff provided an assessment of advances in ZEV technology, projected costs, potential consumer demand, and environmental and economic benefits of ZEVs. Significant technological progress has been made since the ZEV mandate was adopted by the Board in 1990. Based on this progress, the staff concluded that technology is developing at a rate that will produce a commercially viable electric vehicle by 1998. The staff also found that the cost of electric vehicles, including batteries, will be similar to the cost of conventional vehicles in the long-term, and that electric vehicles represent a cost-effective means of reducing emissions in California. With regard to consumer demand, the staff concluded that electric vehicles can satisfy the average daily travel needs of most California consumers and have the potential to achieve considerable market penetration by 1998. Most importantly, the staff analysis shows that electric vehicles offer significant emission reduction benefits because they do not have tailpipe emissions or emission control equipment that can deteriorate over time. In addition, electric vehicles have the potential to create new opportunities for economic growth in California as a result of the ZEV requirement. The Board heard testimony from legislators, auto manufacturers, battery manufacturers, utilities, government agencies, and other interested parties. The Board heard that the technology is available to meet the requirements for TLEVs, LEVs, and ULEVs on schedule and that the program is cost-effective. After hearing both the proponents and opponents of the ZEV mandate, the Board acknowledged that the mandate continues to be a positive force towards achieving the goals of the low-emission vehicle regulations, and that it must remain in place. The Board indicated it will involve itself in assuring sucessful implementation of the regulation, including market, infrastructure, and battery development. The Board also assured interested parties that if new and compelling information becomes available, the Board will schedule meetings to review the new information. OTHER BUSINESS
ORAL TESTIMONY: Senator Tom Hayden California State Senate Assemblyman Bernie Richter California State Assembly Dr. Richard Klimisch Engineering Affairs Div., AAMA Peter Pestillo Ford Sam Leonard GM Gordon Allardyce Chrysler Robert Stempel Retired Chair/CEO, GM Gregory Dana AIAM Yoshitomo Shito JAMA John Schutz Nissan Jonathan Haines Toyota John Williams USABC Michael Fetcenko Ovonic Dr. Ing Wolfgang Jutting AEG John Jones INCO SPP Bill Auxer Silent Power Bill Craven Horizon/Electrosource Dana Drescher DEMI Jonathan Whartman Electric Fuel Robert Nelson, Ph.D. International Lead Zinc Reznor Orr Powercell Dan Spak Westinghouse Bill Tiedman Johnson Controls Sanjay Deshpande GNB Battery Technology Wayne Davis Trojan David A. Bushey El Dorado Systems Concept 80's Bruce Bertelsen MECA Michael Gage CALSTART Charles Imbrecht CEC Cece Martin Electric Transportation Coalition Greg Vlasek
California
Natural Gas Vehicle Clark Gellings EPRI Reste Bevilaqua BKI for EPRI Diane Wittenberg So. Cal. Edison Roland Risser PG&E Andrew Hirsch The Gas Company Winston Ashizawa SMUD Frank Lynch Hydrogen Consultants Venki Raman Air Products Bob Flemmings Ballard Power Systems Dr. Ray Smith
Lawrence
Livermore National Peter A. Lehman, Ph.D. Humboldt State Mitja Hinderks
California
Alternate Propulsion Dennis Virag Automotive Consulting Group, Inc. Assemblyman Richard Katz California State Assembly Hank Wedaa
SCAQMD/North
American Clean Norton Younglove Riverside County Dr. James Lents SCAQMD John Cox SCAG Marvin Braude City of Los Angeles Mahesh Talwar Santa Barbara APCD Dan Sperling Institute of Transportation Studies Tom Turrentine Institute of Transportation Studies Richard Maulin Fairbank, Maslin, and Maulin Peter Welch
California
Motor Car Dealers Jerry Mader Mader and Associates Robin Segal University of Pennsylvania Lon Bell Amerigon Doug Henderson WSPA Victor Magistrale, Ph.D. American Lung Association Gladys Meade American Lung Association Dennis Zane Coalition for Clean Air Janet Hathaway NRDC Roland Hwang Union of Concerned Scientists Jennifer Jennings
Planning
and Conservation Carlos Porras
Citizens
For A Better Mary Raftery CALPIRG Paul Staples Clean Air Now John McCaull National Audubon Society James McKenzie World Resources Institute V. John White V. John White Associates Bud Phillips Monitor Co. Carl Perry U.S. Electricar Gorik Hossepian Allied Signal Neil Garcia-Sinclair IWON Motronics Howard Wilson Citizen Norman Conwill EPTI Bob Martino
Battery
Automated Joseph Hoffman Westinghouse John Reuyl, Ph.D. NEVCOR Alan Holmes Citizen Anthony Trujillo Citizen Jamison Handy, Jr. Citizen Tom Hansen Citizen John Howell Citizen Chris Niles Labor Watchdog Group Howard Olson Citizen Lee Stephens BESCI Anthony Bolotsky Citizen Tom Austin Sierra Research Malcom Currie Project California FORMAL BOARD ACTION: None RESPONSIBLE DIVISION: MSD STAFF REPORT: Yes (84 pages) |