SCAQMD RULE 1421 CONTROL OF PERC EMISSIONS FROM DRY CLEANING SYSTEMS
LAST REVISED 06/13/97
(Adopted December 9, 1994)(Amended June 13, 1997)
RULE 1421. CONTROL OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE EMISSIONS FROM DRY CLEANING SYSTEMS.
(a) Purpose
The purpose of the rule is to protect public health by reducing perchloroethylene emissions from dry cleaning
systems. This rule will implement the federal National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
for Source Categories: Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Facilities (40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 63.320,
et seq) and the state Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM) for Emissions of Perchloroethylene from Dry
Cleaning Operations (17 California Code of Regulations [CCR] 93109, et seq). This will be accomplished by
requiring perchloroethylene dry cleaning facilities to: phase out transfer, vented, and self-service machines;
require the use of a closed-loop, dry-to-dry machine; install primary and/or secondary controls as appropriate;
and institute good operating, reporting, and recordkeeping practices.
(b) Applicability
The rule applies to all persons owning or operating a perchloroethylene dry cleaning facility.
(c) Definitions
For the purposes of this rule, the following definitions shall apply.
- ADSORPTIVE CARTRIDGE FILTER means a replaceable cartridge filter that contains diatomaceous earth or activated
clay as the filter medium.
- CARTRIDGE FILTER means a replaceable cartridge filter that contains one of the following as the filter medium:
paper, activated carbon, or paper and activated carbon. A cartridge filter contains no diatomaceous earth or activated
clay. Cartridge filters include, but are not limited to: standard filters, split filters, "jumbo" filters,
and all carbon polishing filters.
- CLOSED-LOOP MACHINE means dry cleaning equipment in which washing, extraction, and drying are all performed
in the same single unit (also known as dry-to-dry) and which recirculates the perchloroethylene-laden vapor through
a primary control system with no exhaust to the atmosphere during the drying cycle. A closed-loop machine may allow
for venting to the ambient air through a fugitive control system after the drying cycle is completed and while
the machine door is open.
- CO-LOCATED WITH A RESIDENCE means sharing a common wall, floor, or ceiling with a residence. For the purposes
of this definition, "residence" means any dwelling or housing which is owned, rented, or occupied by
the same person for a period of 180 days or more, excluding short-term housing such as a motel or hotel room rented
and occupied by the same person for a period of less than 180 days.
- CONVERTED MACHINE means an existing vented machine that has been modified to be a closed-loop machine by eliminating
the aeration step, and installing a primary control system, and providing for recirculation of the perchloroethylene-laden
vapor with no exhaust to the atmosphere. A converted machine allows for venting to the ambient air through a fugitive
control system after the drying cycle is complete and only while the machine door is open.
- COOL DOWN means the portion of the drying cycle that begins when the heating mechanism deactivates and the
refrigerated condenser continues to reduce the temperature of the air recirculating through the drum to reduce
the concentration of perchloroethylene in the drum.
- COMPLIANCE PERIOD means the time from the effective date of this rule in the District until a facility must
be in compliance with the specific requirements of this rule.
- DESORPTION means the regeneration of an activated carbon bed, or any other type of vapor adsorber, by removal
of the adsorbed solvent using hot air, steam, or other means.
- DIP TANK OPERATION means immersion of materials in a solution that contains perchloroethylene, for purposes
other than dry cleaning, in a tank or container that is separate from the dry cleaning equipment.
- DISTRICT means the South Coast Air Quality Management District.
- DRUM means the rotating cylinder or wheel of the dry cleaning machine that holds the materials being cleaned.
- DRY CLEANING EQUIPMENT means any machine, device, or apparatus used to dry clean materials with perchloroethylene
or to remove residual perchloroethylene from previously cleaned materials. Dry cleaning equipment may include,
but is not limited to, a transfer machine, a vented machine, a converted machine, a closed-loop machine, a reclaimer,
or a drying cabinet.
- DRY CLEANING SYSTEM means all of the following equipment, devices, or apparatus associated with the perchloroethylene
dry cleaning process: dry cleaning equipment; filter or purification systems; waste holding, treatment, or disposal
systems; perchloroethylene supply systems; dip tanks; pumps; gaskets; piping, ducting, fittings, valves, or flanges
that convey perchloroethylene-contaminated air; and control systems.
- DRYING CABINET means a housing in which materials previously cleaned with perchloroethylene are placed to dry
and which is used only to dry materials that would otherwise be damaged by the heat and tumbling action of the
drying cycle.
- DRYING CYCLE means the process used to actively remove the perchloroethylene remaining in the materials after
washing and extraction. For closed-loop machines, the heated portion of the cycle is followed by cool-down and
may be extended beyond cool-down by the activation of a control system. The drying cycle begins when heating coils
are activated and ends when the machine ceases rotation of the drum.
- ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PROGRAM means an initial course or a refresher course of the environmental training
program for perchloroethylene dry cleaning operation that has been authorized by the Air Resources Board according
to the requirements of 17 CCR, Section 93110.
- EQUIVALENT CLOSED-LOOP VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM means any device or combination of devices that achieves, in practice,
a perchloroethylene recovery performance equal to or exceeding that of refrigerated condensers.
- EXISTING FACILITY means any facility that operated dry cleaning equipment prior to December 9, 1994. Facility
relocations within the jurisdictional boundaries of the District shall be considered existing facilities for the
purpose of this rule.
- FACILITY means any person or persons who own or operate perchloroethylene dry cleaning equipment, which are
owned or operated by the same person or persons, and are located on the same parcel or contiguous parcels.
- FACILITY MILEAGE means the efficiency of perchloroethylene use at a facility, expressed as the pounds of materials
cleaned per gallon of perchloroethylene used, and calculated for all dry cleaning machines at the facility over
a specified time period.
- FUGITIVE CONTROL SYSTEM is a device or apparatus that collects fugitive perchloroethylene vapors from the machine
door, button and lint traps, still, or other intentional openings of the dry cleaning system, and routes those
vapors to a device that reduces the mass of perchloroethylene prior to exhaust of the vapor to the atmosphere.
- FULL-TIME EMPLOYEE means any person who is employed at the dry cleaning facility and averages at least thirty
hours per week in any 90-day period.
- GALLONS OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE USED means the volume of perchloroethylene, in gallons, introduced into the dry
cleaning equipment, and not recovered at the facility for re-use on-site in the dry cleaning equipment, over a
specified time period.
- HALOGENATED-HYDROCARBON DETECTOR means a portable device capable of detecting vapor concentrations of perchloroethylene
of 25 ppmv or less and indicating an increasing concentration by emitting an audible signal or visual indicator
that varies as the concentration changes.
- LIQUID LEAK means a leak of liquid containing perchloroethylene of more than 1 drop every 3 minutes.
- MAJOR SOURCE is any dry cleaning facility that emits or has the potential to emit more than 9.1 megagrams per
year (10 tons per year) of perchloroethylene to the atmosphere. In lieu of measuring a facility's potential to
emit perchloroethylene emissions or determining a facility's potential to emit perchloroethylene emissions, a dry
cleaning facility is a major source if:
(A) it includes only dry-to-dry machine(s) and has a total yearly perchloroethylene consumption greater than
8,000 liters (2,100 gallons); or
(B) it includes only transfer machine system(s) or both dry-to-dry machines(s) and transfer machine system(s)
and has a total yearly perchloroethylene consumption greater than 6,800 liters (1,800 gallons).
- MATERIALS mean wearing apparel, draperies, linens, fabrics, textiles, rugs, leather, and other goods that are
being dry cleaned.
- MUCK COOKER means a device for heating perchloroethylene-laden waste material to volatilize and recover perchloroethylene.
- NEW FACILITY means a facility that did not operate any dry cleaning equipment before December 9, 1994. Facility
relocations, within the jurisdictional boundaries of the District, shall not be considered new facilities for the
purposes of this control measure.
- PERCHLOROETHYLENE (PERC) means the substance with the chemical formula C2Cl4, also known
by the name tetrachloroethylene, which has been identified by the Air Resources Board and listed as a toxic air
contaminant in 17 CCR, Section 93000.
- PERCHLOROETHYLENE DRY CLEANING OR DRY CLEANING means the process used to remove soil, greases, paints, and
other unwanted substances from materials with perchloroethylene.
- POUNDS OF MATERIALS CLEANED PER LOAD means the total dry weight, in pounds, of the materials in each load dry
cleaned at the facility, as determined by weighing each load on a scale prior to dry cleaning and recording the
value.
- PRIMARY CONTROL SYSTEM means a refrigerated condenser, or an equivalent closed-loop vapor recovery system approved
by the District.
- RECLAIMER means a machine, device, or apparatus used only to remove residual perchloroethylene from materials
that have been previously cleaned in a separate piece of dry cleaning equipment.
- REASONABLY AVAILABLE, as it applies to an initial course for the environmental training program, means that
the course is offered within 200 miles of the District boundaries and that all such courses have a capacity, in
the aggregate, that is adequate to accommodate at least one person from each facility within the District boundaries
required to certify a trained operator at that time.
- REFRIGERATED CONDENSER means a closed-loop vapor recovery system into which perchloroethylene vapors are introduced
and trapped by cooling below the dew point of the perchloroethylene.
- SECONDARY CONTROL SYSTEM means a device or apparatus that reduces the concentration of perchloroethylene in
the recirculating air at the end of the drying cycle, beyond the level achievable with a refrigerated condenser
alone. An "integral" secondary control system is designed and offered as an integral part of a production
package with a single make and model of dry cleaning machine and primary control system. An "add-on"
secondary control system is designed or offered as a separate retrofit system for use on multiple machine makes
and models.
- SELF-SERVICE DRY CLEANING MACHINE means a perchloroethylene dry cleaning machine that is loaded, activated,
or unloaded by the customer.
- SEPARATOR means any device used to recover perchloroethylene from a water-perchloroethylene mixture.
- STILL means a device used to volatilize and recover perchloroethylene from contaminated solvent removed from
the cleaned materials.
- TRAINED OPERATOR means the owner, the operator, or an employee of the facility, who has completed and holds
a valid record of completion for the initial course of an environmental training program and maintains her/his
status by successfully completing the refresher courses as required.
- TRANSFER MACHINE means a combination of perchloroethylene dry cleaning equipment in which washing and extraction
are performed in one unit and drying is performed in a separate unit.
- VAPOR ADSORBER means a bed of activated carbon or other adsorbent into which perchloroethylene vapors are introduced
and trapped for subsequent desorption.
- VAPOR LEAK means an emission of perchloroethylene vapor from unintended openings in the dry cleaning system,
as indicated by a rapid audible signal or visual signal from a halogenated-hydrocarbon detector or a concentration
of perchloroethylene exceeding 50 ppmv as methane as indicated by a portable analyzer. This definition applies
on and after June 9, 1996.
- VENTED MACHINE means dry cleaning equipment in which washing, extraction, and drying are all performed in the
same single unit and in which fresh air is introduced into the drum in the last step of the drying cycle and exhausted
to the atmosphere, either directly or through a control device.
- WASTE WATER EVAPORATOR means a device that vaporizes perchloroethylene contaminated waste water through the
addition of thermal or chemical energy, or through physical action.
- WATER-REPELLING OPERATIONS means the treatment of materials with a water repellent solution that contains perchloroethylene.
(d) Equipment Requirements
The owner/operator shall comply with the following prohibitions and requirements.
- Prohibition.
(A) On or after December 9, 1994, a person shall not install a transfer machine, a vented dry cleaning machine,
or a self-service dry cleaning machine.
(B) On or after June 9, 1996, a person shall not install a converted machine or modify a vented dry cleaning
machine to a converted machine.
(C) On or after October 1, 1998, a person shall not operate any transfer system, any vented dry cleaning machine,
or any self-service dry cleaning machine.
- Required Equipment. The owner/operator of each new or existing facility shall not operate dry cleaning equipment
unless the applicable requirements of Table 1 and the specifications contained in subparagraph (3) are met:
(A) For an existing facility, replacement of existing equipment and installation of new equipment which occur
in accordance with the time periods shown in column 2 of Table 1 shall comply with the applicable requirements
shown in column 1 of Table 1.
(B) For a new facility, the owner/operator shall install, operate, and maintain the required equipment shown
in column 1 of Table 1 for new facilities.
- Specifications for Required Equipment. Required equipment shall meet the following specifications:
(A) A primary control system shall:
(i) operate during both the heated and cool-down phases of the drying cycle and shall reduce the perchloroethylene
drum concentration in the recirculating air stream to 8,600 ppmv;
(ii) not exhaust to the atmosphere or workroom;
(iii) not require the addition of any form of water to the primary control system that results in the physical
contact between water and perchloroethylene; and
(iv) consists of a refrigerated condenser which shall:
(I) achieve an outlet vapor temperature, downstream of any bypass, of less than or equal to 45oF
(7.2oC) during cool-down; and
(II) have a graduated thermometer with a minimum range from 0oF (-18oC) to 150oF
(66oC), which measures the temperature of the outlet vapor stream, downstream of any bypass of the condenser,
and is easily visible to the operator.
(v) An approved equivalent closed-loop vapor recovery system may be used in lieu of a primary control system,
if it:
(I) uses a technology that has been demonstrated, pursuant to the requirements of subsection (j), to achieve
a perchloroethylene drum concentration of 8,600 ppmv or less in each test; and
(II) has a device that measures the perchloroethylene concentration, or a demonstrated surrogate parameter,
in the drum at the end of each drying cycle, before the machine door is opened and any fugitive control system
activates, and indicates if the concentration is above or below 8,600 ppmv. This device shall be installed such
that the reading is easily visible to the operator.
(B) A secondary control system shall:
(i) be designed to function with a primary control system or be designed to function as a combined primary control
system and secondary control system that meets all of the following applicable requirements;
(ii) not exhaust to the atmosphere or workroom;
(iii) not require the addition of any form of water to the secondary control system that results in physical
contact between the water and perchloroethylene;
(iv) use a technology that has been demonstrated, pursuant to the requirements of subsection (j), to achieve
a perchloroethylene concentration in the drum of 300 ppmv or less in each test;
(v) have a holding capacity of two hundred percent (200%) or greater of the maximum quantity of perchloroethylene
vapor expected in the drum prior to the activation of the system; and
(vi) for add-on secondary control systems only, the system shall be sized and capable of reducing the perchloroethylene
concentration in the drum from 8,600 ppmv or greater to 300 ppmv or less in the maximum volume of recirculating
air in the dry cleaning machine and all contiguous piping.
- Specifications for Other Equipment.
(A) A drying cabinet shall:
(i) be fully enclosed; and
(ii) be exhausted via one of the following methods:
(I) to a control system that has been demonstrated, pursuant to the requirements of subsection (j), to achieve
a perchloroethylene concentration of 100 ppmv or less in each test, measured at the outlet without dilution; or
(II) to a control system that reduces the concentration of perchloroethylene in a closed system with no exhaust
to the atmosphere or workroom.
(B) A converted machine shall meet all of the following requirements, as demonstrated on-site to the District,
upon conversion and on or before June 9, 1996:
(i) All process vents that exhaust to the atmosphere or workroom during washing, extraction, or drying shall
be sealed.
(ii) The converted machine shall use an appropriately-sized primary control system to recover perchloroethylene
vapor during the heated and cool-down phases of the drying cycle.
(I) A refrigerated condenser shall be considered appropriately sized, for a machine converted on or after May
4, 1994, if the water-cooled condensing coils are replaced with refrigerant-cooled condensing coils; and the compressor
of the refrigerated condenser shall have a capacity, in horsepower (hp) that is no less than the minimum capacity,
determined as follows:
(II) A refrigerated condenser shall be considered appropriately sized, for a machine converted prior to May
4, 1994, if the refrigerated condenser meets the specifications for new conversions in subclause (d)(4)(B)(i)(I);
or the refrigerated condenser achieves, and maintains for 3 minutes, an outlet vapor temperature, measured downstream
of the condenser and any bypass of the condenser, of less than or equal to 45oF (7.2oC) within
10 minutes of the initiation of cool-down.
(III) An equivalent closed-loop vapor recovery system shall be considered appropriately sized for the conversion
of a vented machine if the system does not extend the total drying time by more than five minutes to meet the specifications
of clause (d)(3)(A)(v).
(iii) The converted machine shall operate with no liquid leaks and no vapor leaks. Any seal, gasket, or connection
determined to have a liquid leak or vapor leak shall be replaced.
(e) Good Operating Practices
The owner/operator shall not operate dry cleaning equipment after the applicable dates shown in column 4 and
column 5 of Table 1, unless all of the following requirements are met:
- Operation and maintenance requirements. The trained operator, or his/her designee, shall operate and maintain
all components of the dry cleaning system in accordance with the requirements of this section and the conditions
specified in the facility's operating permit beginning on the applicable date specified in column 5 of Table 1.
For operations not specifically addressed, the components shall be operated and maintained in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
(A) Each operation and maintenance function and the date performed shall be recorded on the checklist provided
by the District. The operation and maintenance checklist shall include, at a minimum, the following requirements:
(i) Refrigerated condensers shall be operated to ensure that exhaust gases are recirculated until the air-vapor
stream temperature on the outlet side of the refrigerated condenser, downstream of any bypass, is less than or
equal to 45oF (7.2oC).
(ii) Primary control systems, other than refrigerated condensers, shall be operated to ensure that exhaust gases
are recirculated until the perchloroethylene concentration in the drum is less than or equal to 8,600 ppmv at the
end of the drying cycle, before the machine door is opened and any fugitive control system activates.
(iii) Vapor adsorbers used as a primary control system or secondary control system shall be operated to ensure
that exhaust gases are recirculated at the temperature specified by the District, based on the manufacturer's recommendations
for optimum adsorption. These vapor adsorbers shall be desorbed according to the conditions specified by the District
in the facility's operating permit, including a requirement that no perchloroethylene vapors shall be routed to
the atmosphere during routine operation or desorption.
(iv) An existing facility with a transfer machine or a vented machine shall operate any existing carbon adsorber,
which functions during the drying cycle, to meet the following requirements:
(I) Desorption shall be performed periodically, at the frequency specified by the District. The frequency, at
a minimum, shall be each time all dry cleaning equipment exhausted to the device has cleaned a total of three pounds
of materials for each pound of activated carbon. Desorption shall be performed with the minimum steam pressure
and air flow capacity specified by the District.
(II) Once desorption is complete, the carbon bed shall be fully dried according to the manufacturer's instructions.
(III) No vented perchloroethylene vapors shall bypass the carbon adsorber to the atmosphere.
(v) Cartridge filters and adsorptive cartridge filters shall be handled using one of the following methods:
(I) Drained in the filter housing, before disposal, for no less than 24 hours for cartridge filters and 48 hours
for adsorptive cartridge filters. If the filters are then transferred to a separate device to further reduce the
volume of perchloroethylene, this treatment shall be done in a system that routes any vapor to a primary control
system, with no exhaust to the atmosphere or workroom.
(II) Dried, stripped, sparged, or otherwise treated, within the sealed filter housing, to reduce the volume
of perchloroethylene contained in the filter.
(vi) A still, and any muck cooker, shall not exceed 75 percent of its capacity, or an alternative level recommended
by the manufacturer. A still, and any muck cooker, shall cool to 100oF (38oC) or less before
emptying or cleaning.
(vii) Button and lint traps shall be cleaned each working day and the lint placed in a tightly sealed container.
(viii) All parts of the dry cleaning system where perchloroethylene may be exposed to the atmosphere or workroom
shall be kept closed at all times except when access is required for proper operation and maintenance.
(ix) Waste water evaporators shall be operated to ensure that no liquid perchloroethylene or visible emulsion
is allowed to vaporize.
- Leak check and repair requirements. The trained operator, or her/his designee, shall inspect the dry cleaning
system for liquid leaks and perceptible vapor leaks beginning on the applicable date shown in column 5 of Table
1. The trained operator, or her/his designee, shall record the status of each component on the checklist provided
by the District.
(A) The dry cleaning system shall be inspected at least once per week for liquid leaks and for vapor leaks,
beginning June 9, 1996, using one of the following techniques:
(i) a halogenated-hydrocarbon detector; or
(ii) a portable gas analyzer or an alternative method approved by the District.
(B) Any liquid leak or vapor leak that has been detected by the operator shall be noted on the checklist and
repaired according to the requirements of this subparagraph. If the leak is not repaired at the time of detection,
the leaking component shall be physically marked or tagged in a manner that is readily observable by a District
inspector.
(C) Any liquid leak or vapor leak detected by the District, which has not been so noted on the checklist and
marked on the leaking component of the dry cleaning system, shall constitute a violation of this section. For enforcement
purposes, the District shall identify the presence of a vapor leak by determining the concentration of perchloroethylene
with a portable analyzer:
(i) according to ARB Test Method 21 (17 CCR, Section 94124, March 28, 1986); and
(ii) measured 1 cm away from the dry cleaning system.
(D) Any liquid leak or vapor leak shall be repaired within 24 hours of detection.
(i) If repair parts are not available at the facility, the parts shall be ordered within two working days of
detecting such a leak. Such repair parts shall be installed within five working days after receipt. A facility
with a leak that has not been repaired by the end of the 15th working day after detection shall not operate the
dry cleaning equipment, until the leak is repaired, unless a leak-repair extension is granted from the District.
(ii) The District may grant a leak-repair extension to a facility, for a single period of 30 days or less, if
the District makes these findings:
(I) the delay in repairing the leak could not have been avoided by action on the part of the facility;
(II) the facility used reasonable preventive measures and acted promptly to initiate the repair;
(III) the leak would not significantly increase perchloroethylene exposure near the facility; and
(IV) the facility is in compliance with all other requirements of this section and has a history of compliance.
- Environmental training requirements. The facility shall have one or more trained operators beginning on the
applicable date shown in column 4 of Table 1.
(A) A trained operator shall be the owner, the operator, or another employee of the facility, who successfully
completes the initial course of an environmental training program to become a trained operator. Evidence of successful
completion of the initial course shall be the original record of completion issued pursuant to 17 CCR, Section
93110. The trained operator shall be a full-time employee of the facility. Except for the provisions of clause
(e)(3)(C)(ii), one person cannot serve as the trained operator for two or more facilities simultaneously.
(B) Each trained operator shall successfully complete the refresher course of an environmental training program
at least once every three years. Evidence of successful completion of each refresher course shall be the date of
the course and the instructor's signature on the original record of completion.
(C) If the facility has only one trained operator and the trained operator leaves the employ of the facility,
the facility shall:
(i) notify the District in writing within 30 days of the departure of the trained operator;
(ii) obtain certification for a replacement trained operator within 3 months, except that a trained operator
who owns or manages multiple facilities may serve as the interim trained operator at two of those facilities simultaneously
for a maximum period of 4 months, by which time each facility must have its own trained operator; and
(iii) if the District determines that the initial course of an environmental training program is not reasonably
available, the District may extend the certification period for a replacement trained operator until 1 month after
the course is reasonably available.
(f) Water-repelling and Dip Tank Operations
No person shall perform water-repelling or dip tank operations, after the applicable date shown in column 3
of Table 1, unless all of the following requirements are met:
- All materials to be treated with perchloroethylene water-repelling solutions shall be treated in a closed-loop
machine, a converted machine, or a dip tank
- For dip tank operations:
(A) The dip tank shall be fitted with a cover that prevents the escape of perchloroethylene vapors from the
tank and shall remain covered at all times, except when materials are placed in and removed from the dip tank or
while the basket is moved into position for draining.
(B) After immersion, the materials shall be drained within the covered dip tank until dripping ceases.
(C) All materials removed from a dip tank shall be immediately placed into a closed-loop machine or a converted
machine for drying and not removed from the machine until the materials are dry.
(g) Initial Notification
- By the applicable date shown in column 6 of Table 1, the owner/operator shall provide the District with all
of the following information, in writing:
(A) the name(s) of the owner and operator of the facility;
(B) the facility name and location;
(C) whether or not the facility is co-located with a residence;
(D) the number, types, and capacities of all dry cleaning equipment;
(E) any control systems for each dry cleaning machine; and
(F) for existing facilities only, the gallons of perchloroethylene purchased by the facility during the previous
calendar year.
(h) Annual Reporting
The owner/operator shall maintain an annual report by the applicable dates shown in column 7 of Table 1, which
shall be furnished to the District upon request. The annual report shall include all of the following:
- a copy of the record of completion for each trained operator;
- the total of the pounds of materials cleaned per load and the gallons of perchloroethylene used for all solvent
additions in the reporting period; and
- the average facility mileage, determined from all solvent additions in the reporting period, as follows:
(i) Recordkeeping
The owner/operator shall maintain records starting from the applicable dates shown in column 8 of Table 1. These
records or copies thereof, shall be accessible at the facility at all times.
- All of the following records shall be retained for at least 2 years or until the next District inspection of
the facility, whichever period is longer.
(A) For each dry cleaning machine, a log showing the date and the pounds of materials cleaned per load.
(B) Purchase and delivery receipts for perchloroethylene.
For those facilities with solvent tanks that are not directly filled by the perchloroethylene supplier upon
delivery, the date(s) and gallons of perchloroethylene added to the solvent tank of each dry cleaning machine.
(C) The completed leak inspection checklists required by paragraph (e)(2) and the operation and maintenance
checklists required by subparagraph (e)(1)(A).
(D) For liquid leaks or vapor leaks that were not repaired at the time of detection, a record of the leaking
component(s) of the dry cleaning system awaiting repair and the action(s) taken to complete the repair. The record
shall include copies of purchase orders or other written records showing when the repair parts were ordered and/or
service was requested.
- For dry cleaning equipment installed after December 9, 1994, the manufacturer's operating manual for all components
of the dry cleaning system shall be retained for the life of the equipment.
- The original record of completion for each trained operator shall be retained during the employment of that
person. A copy of the record of completion shall be retained for an additional period of two years beyond the separation
of that person from employment at the facility.
(j) Equipment Testing
For a given design, a single test program shall be conducted, in accordance with the following procedures, to
meet the specifications in paragraphs (d)(3) and (d)(4). The person or organization conducting the test program
shall prepare a written test plan that describes, in detail, the dry cleaning machine and control systems being
tested, the test protocol, and the test method.
- Test Program and Scope. A minimum of three tests shall be conducted for each test program on each control system
design. All tests for a single test program shall be conducted on a single dry cleaning machine.
(A) Test results for a primary control system design, or an add-on secondary control system design, may be applied
to a different make/model of dry cleaning machine if the equipment designer or facility demonstrates, to the satisfaction
of the District, that:
(i) the test results would be representative of the performance of the control system design on the different
make/model of dry cleaning machine; and
(ii) the control system design is properly sized for the maximum volume of recirculating air in the dry cleaning
machine during the drying cycle.
(B) Test results for an integral secondary control system design may not be applied to a different make/model
of dry cleaning machine.
- Test Conditions. Testing shall be conducted under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise specified.
(A) For primary control systems and secondary control systems, each test shall be conducted during the cleaning
of one load of materials.
(i) The machine shall be filled to no less than 75 percent of its capacity with materials for each test.
(ii) The weight of materials shall be recorded for each test.
(B) A primary control system shall be tested on a closed-loop machine, or a converted machine, both without
a secondary control system.
(C) A secondary control system shall be tested on a closed-loop machine.
(i) An integral secondary control system shall be tested with the primary control system operating normally.
(ii) An add-on secondary control system shall be tested independent of a primary control system and the initial
perchloroethylene concentration in the drum shall be 8,600 ppmv or greater.
(D) For a control system on the exhaust of a drying cabinet, each test shall be conducted following the placement
of materials cleaned with perchloroethylene in the drying cabinet. The materials shall be transferred to the drying
cabinet and testing shall begin no later than 15 minutes after the end of the washing and extraction process.
(i) The drying cabinet shall be filled to no less than 50 percent of its capacity with materials for each test.
(ii) The weight of materials shall be recorded for each test.
- Test Method. Equipment shall be tested in accordance with the following methods.
(A) For primary control systems and secondary control systems:
(i) the temperature of the air in the drum shall be measured and recorded continuously during the entire drying
cycle, including the operation of the secondary control system;
(ii) sampling shall be conducted as follows:
(I) for primary control systems and integral secondary control systems, sampling shall begin at the end of the
drying cycle and be completed within 5 minutes;
(II) for add-on secondary control systems, sampling shall be done when the concentration of perchloroethylene
is 8,600 ppmv or greater and again when the concentration reaches 300 ppmv or less; and
(III) sampling shall be completed prior to the opening of the machine door and activation of any fugitive control
system.
(iii) The perchloroethylene concentration in the drum shall be determined by one of the following methods: (I)
A sampling port and valve shall be appropriately placed to draw a sample from the interior of the drum or the lint
filter housing. The sampling port shall be connected to a gas chromatograph by one-quarter (1/4) inch, outside
diameter, Teflon tubing. Any sampling pump shall have Teflon diaphragms. The gas chromatograph shall measure the
concentrations of perchloroethylene in accordance with ARB Method 422 (17 CCR, Section 94132, December 31, 1991)
or NIOSH Method 1003 (NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, August
15, 1987).
(II) A sampling port and valve shall be appropriately placed to draw a sample from the interior of the drum
or the lint filter housing. The sampling port shall be connected by one-quarter (1/4) inch outside diameter Teflon
tubing to a Tedlar bag. Any sampling pump shall have Teflon diaphragms. The concentration of perchloroethylene
in the air sampled shall be measured in accordance with ARB Method 422 (17 CCR, Section 94132, December 31, 1991)
or NIOSH Method 1003 (NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, August
15, 1987) within 24 hours of sampling. If an independent laboratory is contracted to perform the analysis of the
samples, the chain of custody procedures contained in ARB Method 422 or NIOSH Method 1003 shall be followed.
(B) For a control device on the exhaust of a drying cabinet, sampling and analysis shall be conducted using
ARB Method 422 (17 CCR, Section 94132, December 31, 1991) or NIOSH Method 1003 (NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, August 15, 1987).
(C) An alternative test method deemed acceptable by the Executive Officer of the District and the Executive
Officer of the Air Resources Board.
- All test plans and test results shall be made available to the District and the Executive Officer of the California
Air Resources Board upon request.
(k) Compliance Schedules
A facility shall comply with all provisions of this rule as follows:
- By the applicable dates of compliance specified in column 2 through column 8 of Table 1.
- For compliance with paragraph (e)(3) "Environmental Training Requirements," an alternative date of
compliance shall apply if the District determines that the initial course of an environmental training program
for perchloroethylene dry cleaning operations is not reasonably available.
(A) For existing facilities in the District, if the initial course is not reasonably available within 12 months
of the effective date of this rule in the District, the alternative date of compliance for paragraph (e)(3) only
shall be 6 months from the date the District determines that the initial course is reasonably available.
(B) For each new facility within the boundaries of the District, if the initial course is not reasonably available
within the period from 3 months prior to 2 months following commencement of operation, the alternative date of
compliance for paragraph (e)(3) only shall be 1 month from the date the District determines that the initial course
is reasonably available.
(l) Major Sources
All major sources must comply with the requirements of 40 CFR Section 63.320, et. seq.
TABLE 1
Rule 1421 Requirements and Summary of Compliance Dates
for Existing and New Facilities
|
|
Equipment Requirements |
DATE OF COMPLIANCE
|
| Facility Type |
|
Column 1
|
Column 2
|
Column 3
|
Column 4
|
Column 5
|
Column 6
|
Column 7
|
Column 8
|
|
|
Compliance Option(s) |
Required Dry Cleaning Equipment |
Equipment Requirements |
Water-Repelling and Dip Tank Requirements |
Environmental Training Requirements |
Leak Check and Repair, Operation & Maintenance Requirements |
Initial Notification |
Annual Reporting (available on request) |
Record keeping |
| EXISTING FACILITIES |
Replacement
of Existing Equipment
|
Closed-Loop Machine with Primary Control System |
Before 12/9/98
|
6/9/96
|
10/9/96
|
2/9/95
|
2/9/95
|
12/9/96
|
2/9/95
|
|
|
|
Closed-Loop Machine with Primary Control System and a Secondary Control System |
After 12/9/98
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adding Equipment
(Not Replacement)
|
Closed-Loop Machine with Primary Control System and a Secondary Control System |
After 6/9/96
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| NEW FACILITIES |
|
Closed-Loop Machine with Primary Control System and a Secondary Control System |
Upon commencement of operation |
Upon commencement of operation |
3 months following commencement of operation |
Upon commencement of operation |
Upon application for permit |
14 months after commencement of operation |
Upon commencement of operation |
SCAQMD RULE 1421 CONTROL OF PERC. EM. FROM DRY CLEANING SYS
LAST REVISED 12/09/94
(Adopted December 9, 1994)
RULE 1421. CONTROL OF PERCHLOROETHYLENE EMISSIONS FROM DRY
CLEANING SYSTEMS.
(a) Purpose
The purpose of the rule is to protect public health by
reducing perchloroethylene emissions from dry cleaning
systems. This rule will implement the federal National
Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)
for Source Categories: Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning
Facilities (40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 63.320,
et seq) and the state Airborne Toxic Control Measure
(ATCM) for Emissions of Perchloroethylene from Dry
Cleaning Operations (17 California Code of Regulations
[CCR] 93109, et seq). This will be accomplished by
requiring perchloroethylene dry cleaning facilities to:
phase out transfer, vented, and self-service machines;
require the use of a closed loop machine; install primary,
secondary, and fugitive controls as appropriate; control
evaporator and separator emissions; and institute good
operating, reporting, and recordkeeping practices.
(b) Applicability
The rule applies to all persons owning or operating a
perchloroethylene dry cleaning facility.
(c) Definitions
For the purposes of this rule, the following definitions
shall apply.
(1) ADD-ON or RETROFIT is a system that is designed,
offered, purchased, or installed as a separate device
to reduce perchloroethylene emissions from the
original machine and often accommodates multiple
makes and models.
(2) ADSORPTIVE FILTER CARTRIDGE is a replaceable filter
cartridge that uses pleated paper and diatomaceous
earth or activated clay as the filtering medium to
capture impurities in the solvent.
(3) AREA SOURCE is any dry cleaning facility that
purchases less than 2,100 gallons of
perchloroethylene over any given 12 month period.
(4) CARB means the California Air Resources Board.
(5) CLOSED LOOP DRY CLEANING MACHINE is any dry cleaning
machine with a design that recirculates the
perchloroethylene laden vapor through a primary
control system with no vent to the atmosphere or work
room during the drying cycle, and vents to the
atmosphere only through a fugitive control system
after the drying cycle is complete and whenever the
machine door is open.
(6) COLORIMETRIC TUBE is any glass tube (sealed prior to
use), containing material impregnated with a chemical
sensitive to perchloroethylene that is designed to
measure the perchloroethylene concentration in air.
(7) CONVERTED MACHINE is a vented dry cleaning machine
that is modified to be a closed loop machine by
eliminating the aeration step and installing a
primary control system that recirculates the
perchloroethylene laden vapor and reduces the drum
concentration to 8,600 parts per million by volume
(ppmv) perchloroethylene or less, with no vent to the
atmosphere or work room during the drying cycle. A
converted machine vents to the atmosphere only
through a fugitive control system after the drying
cycle is complete and whenever the machine door is
open.
(8) COOL DOWN is the portion of the drying cycle
beginning after the heating mechanism is deactivated
and ending when the drum stops rotating.
(9) DESORPTION is a process used for the regeneration of
activated carbon or other activated material, that
is, the removal of the perchloroethylene that has
accumulated on the activated carbon or material.
(10) DIP TANK OPERATION is the process of immersing
materials in a tank that holds a solution containing
perchloroethylene for purposes other than dry
cleaning.
(11) DIVERTER VALVE is an air flow control device that
prevents the air drawn into the dry cleaning machine
when the door is open from passing through the add-on
or retrofit refrigerated condenser.
(12) DRUM is the perforated cylinder of the dry cleaning
machine that holds the materials being cleaned during
the cleaning cycle.
(13) DRY is a descriptive quality achieved by the
materials being cleaned that have gone through a
complete drying cycle as recommended by the
manufacturer or distributor and are free from any
liquid drips.
(14) DRY CLEANING MACHINE is any machine, device, or
apparatus used to clean materials with
perchloroethylene or to remove residual
perchloroethylene from previously cleaned materials.
(15) DRY CLEANING SYSTEM is any one or combination of the
following machines or systems: washer; dryer;
emission control system; filter, regeneration,
distillation, or purification systems; waste holding,
storage, disposal, or reduction system;
perchloroethylene supply system; dip tank; pump;
gasket; and associated piping, ducting, hoses,
fittings, flanges, and valves.
(16) DRY-TO-DRY MACHINE is a dry cleaning machine that
washes, extracts, and dries a batch of materials
within a single machine in one unbroken cycle that
starts with dry materials and ends with dry
materials.
(17) DRYER or RECLAIMER is a machine used to remove the
cleaning solution, such as perchloroethylene, from
previously washed materials by tumbling them in a
heated air stream.
(18) DRYING CYCLE is the process of removing residual
perchloroethylene from the materials being cleaned
after perchloroethylene washing and extraction. The
drying cycle begins when the heating coils are
activated and ends when the fan is deactivated.
(19) ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PROGRAM is a training and
certification program approved by the California Air
Resources Board pursuant to the provisions of 17 CCR,
Section 93110.
(20) EQUIVALENT PERCHLOROETHYLENE RECOVERY SYSTEM is any
device or combination of devices that achieves, in
practice, a perchloroethylene recovery equal to or
exceeding that of refrigerated condensers.
(21) EXISTING EQUIPMENT is dry cleaning machine permitted
and operating before December 9, 1994.
(22) EXISTING FACILITY is any facility where the most
recent dry cleaning machine was installed or modified
before December 9, 1991. Relocations on or after
December 9, 1994 shall be treated as new facilities.
(23) FACTORY ORIGINAL is a system that is purchased and
operated as originally designed, offered, and
installed by the manufacturer or distributor without
modifications.
(24) FILTER is a porous device through which a solution,
such as perchloroethylene, is passed to remove
various contaminants. A filter includes, but is not
limited to, the lint and button trap, filter
cartridge, tubular filter, regenerative filter,
prefilter, polishing filter, and spin disk filter.
(25) FUGITIVE CONTROL SYSTEM is any device or combination
of devices that collects the perchloroethylene vapors
escaping from the main door, button trap, lint trap,
and still whenever any one of these access points are
open and routes these vapors to a control device that
reduces the concentration of perchloroethylene prior
to venting to the atmosphere.
(26) FULLTIME EMPLOYEE is a person who is employed at the
dry cleaning facility and averages at least thirty
(30) hours per week over any consecutive ninety (90)
day period.
(27) MAJOR SOURCE is any dry cleaning facility that
purchases 2,100 gallons of perchloroethylene or more
over a 12 month period, at any point in time.
(28) MATERIAL is any wearing apparel, draperies, linens,
fabrics, textiles, rugs, leather, and other goods
that are being dry cleaned.
(29) MUCK COOKER is a heating device used to volatilize
and recover perchloroethylene from liquid and solid
waste.
(30) NEW FACILITY is any facility where the most recent
dry cleaning machine was installed or modified on or
after December 9, 1991. Relocations on or after
December 9, 1994 shall be treated as new facilities.
(31) PERCHLOROETHYLENE [CCl2CCl2, Chemical Abstract Service
(CAS) Number 127-18-4] is a chlorinated hydrocarbon
that is used as a cleaning solvent and is also known
as 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethene, tetrachloroethylene,
PCE, and PERC.
(32) PERCHLOROETHYLENE CONSUMPTION is the total volume of
perchloroethylene purchased over the previous twelve
(12) months and based upon purchase receipts or other
reliable measures.
(33) PERCHLOROETHYLENE DRY CLEANING is a process for
removing soil, grease, paint, and other undesirable
substances from materials by washing the materials
with perchloroethylene and detergent additives, and
then removing the perchloroethylene from the
materials by spinning and air drying.
(34) PERSON is any firm, business, establishment,
association, partnership, corporation, government
entity, charitable organization, or individual,
acting as a principal, agent, employee, or other
functioning capacity.
(35) PLAIN FILTER CARTRIDGE is any replaceable filter
cartridge that uses paper, activated carbon, or a
combination of the two as the filtering medium. A
plain filter cartridge contains no diatomaceous earth
or activated clay. Plain filter cartridges include,
but are not limited to, standard cartridges, split
cartridges, "jumbo" cartridges, and all carbon
polishing cartridges.
(36) PERCEPTIBLE LEAK is the detection of any vapor or
liquid perchloroethylene escaping from the dry
cleaning system.
(37) PRIMARY CONTROL SYSTEM is any device or combination
of devices that achieves a perchloroethylene
concentration of 8,600 ppmv or less in the
recirculating air of the drum during the drying
cycle, such as a refrigerated condenser or equivalent
perchloroethylene recovery system.
(38) REFRIGERATED CONDENSER is a device that reduces the
temperature of the recirculating air in the drum,
condenses the perchloroethylene in the air, and
reduces the concentration of perchloroethylene in the
drum.
(39) RESPONSIBLE OFFICIAL is any one of the following
persons:
(A) for a corporation, a president, vice president,
treasurer, or secretary of the corporation in
charge of a principal business function; any
other person who performs similar policy or
decision making functions for the corporation;
or a duly authorized representative of such
person if the representative is responsible for
the overall operation of one or more dry
cleaning facilities;
(B) for a partnership, a general partner;
(C) for a sole proprietorship, the owner; or
(D) for a municipal, state, federal, or other public
agency, either a principal executive officer or
ranking official.
(40) SCAQMD means the South Coast Air Quality Management
District.
(41) SECONDARY CONTROL SYSTEM is any device or apparatus
that achieves a perchloroethylene concentration of
300 ppmv or less in the recirculating air of the drum
during the drying cycle, a level beyond the use of a
refrigerated condenser alone. An INTEGRAL secondary
control system is designed, offered, purchased, and
installed on a specific make and model of the factory
original dry cleaning machine and primary control
system.
(42) SELF-SERVICE DRY CLEANING MACHINE is a dry cleaning
machine that is loaded, activated, or unloaded by the
general public.
(43) SEPARATOR is a device that allows the condensate or
separator water to physically separate into two (2)
phases: perchloroethylene and water.
(44) STILL is a device used to volatilize and recover
perchloroethylene from contaminated
perchloroethylene.
(45) TEMPERATURE SENSOR is a thermometer or thermocouple
that can measure the specified temperature range with
an accuracy of plus or minus two degrees Fahrenheit
(ñ2oF) or plus or minus one and one-tenth degrees
Centigrade (ñ1.1oC).
(46) TRAINED OPERATOR is any fulltime employee who
successfully completes the initial course, and the
refresher course every three (3) years thereafter, of
an environmental training program that is offered
pursuant to 17 CCR, Section 93110. A responsible
official may serve as the trained operator if that
responsible official is present at the facility on an
average of thirty (30) hours per week over any
consecutive ninety (90) day period.
(47) TRANSFER SYSTEM is a dry cleaning system that
involves the physical or manual transfer of materials
from a washer to a dryer or reclaimer. Transfer
systems include, but are not limited to, wet-to-dry
processes, washers, dryers, reclaimers, and drying
cabinets.
(48) US EPA means the United States Environmental
Protection Agency.
(49) VENTED DRY CLEANING MACHINE is a dry cleaning machine
that was originally designed and manufactured to vent
to the atmosphere during aeration and is absent of
primary controls.]
(50) WASHER is any machine used to wash, rinse, and clean
materials by saturating with and then removing most
of the cleaning solution, such as detergent and
perchloroethylene.
(51) WASTEWATER is perchloroethylene contaminated water
produced from the steam press(es), refrigerated
condenser(s), distillation unit(s), or from the
desorption of a carbon adsorber.
(52) WASTEWATER ELIMINATION SYSTEM is any device that
reduces or eliminates the liquid effluent from a
separator.
(d) Dry Cleaning System Requirements
A person who owns or operates a perchloroethylene dry
cleaning system shall comply with all of the following
applicable system requirements.
(1) Prohibition.
(A) On or after December 9, 1994, a person shall not
install a transfer system, a vented dry cleaning
machine, or a self-service dry cleaning machine.
(B) On or after June 9, 1996, a person shall not
install a converted machine or modify a vented
dry cleaning machine to a converted machine.
(C) On or after December 9, 1998, a person shall not
operate any transfer system, any vented dry
cleaning machine, or any self-service dry
cleaning machine.
(2) Existing Equipment. All dry cleaning equipment and
floor pickups shall vent through a control system.
The control system shall meet one the following
requirements.
(A) The concentration of perchloroethylene at the
outlet of a carbon adsorber shall not exceed one
hundred (100) ppm as measured over a period of
one (1) minute before dilution. OR
(B) The air temperature at the outlet of a
refrigerated condenser shall reach 45oF or less
at the end of the cool down. A temperature
gauge with a minimum range from 0oF to 150oF must
be installed on the condenser outlet duct. OR
(C) The demonstrated control efficiency for any
other control device must be ninety percent by
weight (90%wt) emission reduction or greater,
prior to the discharge to the atmosphere
measured over a complete drying cycle, based
upon the amount of perchloroethylene entering
the control device.
(3) Replacement of Existing Equipment. Before December
9, 1998, closed loop, dry-to-dry machines replacing
existing equipment shall be equipped with at least
integral primary controls as specified in paragraph
(e)(1) and fugitive controls as specified in
paragraph (e)(3). On or after December 9, 1998,
factory original, closed loop, dry-to-dry machines
replacing existing equipment shall be equipped with
integral primary, secondary, and fugitive controls as
specified in subdivision (e).
(4) Conversion of Vented Machines. If the vented
machines are modified to converted machines, the
primary controls shall meet the applicable
requirements below and those specified in paragraph
(e)(1), and fugitive control requirements specified
in paragraph (e)(3). The requirement to install
fugitive controls may be waived upon approval by the
Executive Officer or designee provided that fugitive
controls are installed to the extent possible and
that complete controls are not physically possible.
(A) Primary Controls.
(i) Existing Converted Machines with
Refrigerated Condensers. Converted
machines installed before December 9, 1994
shall maintain an outlet air temperature
of 45oF (7.2oC) or less for at least three
(3) minutes and within ten (10) minutes of
the start of cool down. The outlet air
temperature shall be measured downstream
of the condenser and any bypasses.
(ii) New Converted Machines with Refrigerated
Condensers. Converted machines installed
on or after December 9, 1994 shall include
the following modifications.
(I) Condensing Coils. The water cooled
condensing coils of existing
converted equipment shall be replaced
with refrigerant cooled condensing
coils; and
(II) Condenser Compressor. The compressor
of the refrigerant cooled condenser
shall have a minimum rating
(horsepower) that is equal to or
greater than the maximum capacity of
the machine (pounds of clothing)
divided by twelve (12).
(iii) Converted Machines with Equivalent
Perchloroethylene Recovery Systems. For
converted machines with perchloroethylene
recovery systems that are deemed
equivalent as specified in subsection
(e)(4), the total drying time for a
converted machine shall not be extended by
more than five (5) minutes over the drying
time of the original vented machine.
(B) Process Vents. All process vents on the
machine, originally designed to vent directly to
the atmosphere during the washing, extraction,
or drying cycles, shall be sealed.
(C) Perceptible Leaks. The converted machine shall
have no perceptible leaks as specified paragraph
(f)(3). Any seal or gasket determined to have
a perceptible leak shall be immediately
replaced, according to the time schedule
contained in paragraph (f)(7).
(5) New Equipment. On or after December 9, 1994, major
sources installing dry cleaning machines that do not
replace existing equipment shall install factory
original, closed loop, dry-to-dry machines equipped
with integral primary, secondary, and fugitive
controls as specified in subdivision (e). Before
June 9, 1996, area sources installing dry cleaning
machines that do not replace existing equipment shall
install closed loop, dry-to-dry machines equipped
with at least integral primary controls as specified
in paragraph (e)(1) and fugitive controls as
specified in paragraph (e)(3). On or after June 9,
1996, area sources installing dry cleaning machines
not replacing existing equipment shall install
factory original, closed loop, dry-to-dry machines
equipped with integral primary, secondary, and
fugitive controls as specified in subdivision (e).
(6) Wastewater Elimination System. On or after June 9,
1996, a person shall not operate a wastewater
elimination system without a separator, located and
operating immediately before the wastewater
elimination system. A person shall not bypass the
separator by loading or adding wastewater directly to
the wastewater elimination system. A person shall
not load or add still bottoms or residue to the
separator or the wastewater elimination system.
(7) Dip Tank Cover. On or after June 9, 1996, a person
shall not operate the dip tank without a cover that
prevents the escape of perchloroethylene vapors from
the tank.
(8) Certified Equipment List. The SCAQMD may issue a
list of certified equipment that will indicate which
machines have been demonstrated to meet the system
requirements and specifications provided in
subdivisions (d), (e), and (g). The manufacturer or
distributor shall submit a permit application and
complete a full permit and technical evaluation
before being added to the list. The manufacturer or
distributor successfully completing the Certified
Equipment Permit Program shall be granted a Certified
Equipment Permit. The list will include
certification for the following devices:
(A) dry cleaning system, which includes:
(i) factory original closed loop dry-to-dry
machine;
(ii) primary and secondary control systems; and
(iii) monitoring devices;
(B) a combined separator and wastewater elimination
system; or
(C) a dip tank.
(e) Control System Specifications
A person who owns or operates a perchloroethylene dry
cleaning facility shall comply with all of the following
applicable control system specifications.
(1) Primary Control System. A primary control system
shall:
(A) operate during the drying cycle to reduce the
perchloroethylene concentration in the
recirculating air stream to 8,600 ppmv;
(B) not vent to the atmosphere or workroom;
(C) not require the addition of any form of water to
the primary control system that results in the
physical contact between water and
perchloroethylene; and
(D) consist of one of the following systems:
(i) Refrigerated Condenser. The air
temperature at the outlet of the
refrigerated condenser shall not exceed
45oF (7.2oC) at the end of the cool down
period. If the refrigerated condenser is
an add-on or retrofit, it shall also be
operated with a diverter valve; or
(ii) Other Control Device. Any other control
device must meet or exceed all of the
following criteria:
(I) result in a perchloroethylene drum
concentration of 8,600 ppmv or less
at the end of the drying cycle, and
before the fugitive control system
is activated;
(II) have a device that measures the
perchloroethylene concentration, or
a demonstrated surrogate parameter,
in the drum at the end of each
drying cycle, before the machine
door is opened and any fugitive
control system activates; indicates
if the concentration is above or
below 8,600 ppmv; has a display that
is easily visible to the operator.
(III) preclude the direct contact of
any form of water to
perchloroethylene in order to
operate, maintain, or regenerate the
perchloroethylene control device.
(2) Secondary Control System. A secondary control
system shall:
(A) operate with the primary control system so
that the combined system reduces the
perchloroethylene concentration in the
recirculating air stream to 300 ppmv;
(B) not vent to the atmosphere or workroom;
(C) not require the addition of any form of water
to the primary control system that results in
the physical contact between water and
perchloroethylene;
(D) have a holding capacity of two hundred percent
(200%) or greater of the maximum amount of
vapor perchloroethylene expected in the drum
prior to the activation of the secondary
control system; and
(E) for an external add-on, the system shall be
sized to include the maximum volume of
recirculating air in the dry cleaning machine
and all associated piping.
(3) Fugitive Control System. A fugitive control system
shall:
(A) operate after the drying cycle is completed;
(B) be activated whenever the main door, button
trap, lint trap, or still is open; and
(C) vent through an air pollution control device
approved by the Executive Officer or designee.
(4) Equivalent Perchloroethylene Recovery Systems. The
Executive Officer's designee shall deem
"equivalent", for the purposes of this rule, any
control technology determined to be equivalent by
US EPA pursuant to 40 CFR, Section 63.325 and by
CARB pursuant to 17 CCR, Section 93109(h). Such
equivalent control technology may be used in lieu
of the required control elements described in
paragraphs (e)(1) or (e)(2).
(5) Wastewater Separator or Elimination System.
(A) The perchloroethylene concentration of the
liquid effluent of any wastewater separator or
elimination system shall not exceed 150 ppm.
(B) The perchloroethylene concentration of the
vapor emissions of any wastewater elimination
system shall not exceed 25 ppmv.
(C) The wastewater separator shall be constructed
so that no vapor emissions of
perchloroethylene are emitted to the
atmosphere.
(f) Operating Requirements
A person who owns or operates a perchloroethylene dry
cleaning facility shall comply with all of the following
applicable operating requirements in accordance with the
compliance schedule in section (j).
(1) Trained Operator. Each facility shall employ at
least one trained operator at all times and be
responsible for compliance by the trained operator
of this rule's requirements.
(A) A person shall not serve as the trained
operator for two (2) or more facilities.
(B) In the event that a facility loses all or its
only trained operator, the facility shall:
(i) enter the name and the date of loss of
the last or sole trained operator into
the Facility Record of Trained
Operator(s) and Employee(s) within one
(1) day of the loss;
(ii) designate an interim trained operator to
fulfill all of the requirements specified
in this rule within one (1) month of the
loss; and
(iii) obtain certification for a
replacement trained operator according to
the schedule specified in subparagraph
(j)(1)(E).
(2) Trained Employees. The trained operator shall
train all employees operating the dry cleaning or
corresponding control devices in the proper
operation and maintenance of the dry cleaning and
corresponding control devices in accordance with
the equipment manufacturer's specifications and
recommendations.
(3) Perceptible Leak Detection.
(A) Before June 9, 1996, the detection of a
perceptible leak of perchloroethylene shall be
based on the following method:
(i) the odor of perchloroethylene;
(ii) the sight of any system drip in excess of
one drop per three minutes or any pool of
liquid perchloroethylene; or
(iii) the feel of perchloroethylene
emissions by passing the fingers over the
surface of the machine.
(B) On or after June 9, 1996, the detection of a
perceptible leak of perchloroethylene shall be
based on the measurement of vapor
perchloroethylene concentrations in excess of
twenty five (25) ppmv with one of the
following devices:
(i) a portable halogenated hydrocarbon
detector, reading 50 ppmv if calibrated
to methane; or
(ii) a gas analyzer equipped with a rapid
audible or visual signal.
(4) Good Operating Practices. A person who operates
any perchloroethylene dry cleaning facility shall
comply with the following requirements:
(A) all materials being cleaned are dry before
removal from the machine;
(B) there are no perceptible leaks of
perchloroethylene;
(C) all doors, traps, and other access points that
may emit perchloroethylene remain closed at
all times except for proper system operation,
maintenance, or repair;
(D) button and lint traps are cleaned at the
beginning of each working day and before the
system is started, and the lint placed in a
tightly sealed container;
(E) the backwash from the filter(s) is treated in
a still or muck cooker where;
(i) the still or muck cooker does not exceed
seventy-five percent (75%) of its
capacity;
(ii) the still or muck cooker is allowed to
cool to 100oF (38oC) or less before
emptying or cleaning;
(iii) the backwash from all diatomaceous
earth filters is treated so that the
residue contains no more than twenty-five
percent by weight (25%wt)
perchloroethylene; and
(iv) the backwash from filters other than
diatomaceous earth is treated so that the
residue contains no more than sixty
percent by weight (60%wt) perchloroethylene;
(F) filter cartridges are handled in one of the
following manners to reduce the volume of
perchloroethylene contained in the filter:
(i) plain filter cartridges are drained in
the filter housing, before disposal, for
at least twenty-four (24) hours;
(ii) adsorptive filter cartridges are drained
in the filter housing, before disposal,
for at least forty-eight (48) hours;
(iii) filters are dried in an active dryer
equipped with the approved
perchloroethylene control system, with no
vent to the atmosphere or workroom, for
at least twelve (12) continuous hours; or
(iv) filters are dried, stripped, sparged, or
otherwise treated within the sealed
filter housing or in a component of the
dry cleaning system specifically designed
for this purpose in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications;
(G) all waste containing perchloroethylene is
stored in sealed containers that are free of
perceptible leaks and disposed in accordance
with all applicable local, state, and federal
regulations; and
(H) untreated wastewater is not air or fan dried
in open containers, boilers, or cooling
towers.
(5) Daily Visual Inspection. The trained employee
shall visually inspect the dry cleaning facility
daily for perceptible leaks before the system is
started. At a minimum, an inspection shall include
the following components:
(A) hose connections, unions, couplings, and
valves;
(B) machine door gaskets and seatings;
(C) filter head gaskets and seatings;
(D) pumps;
(E) base tanks and storage containers;
(F) wastewater evaporators or separators;
(G) filter sludge recovery units;
(H) distillation units;
(I) diverter valves;
(J) lint baskets; and
(K) cartridge filters.
(6) Weekly Checklist Inspection. The trained operator
shall inspect the dry cleaning facility weekly for
perceptible leaks while the dry cleaning system is
operating and according to the operation and
maintenance checklist provided by the Executive
Officer's designee.
(A) Operation and Maintenance Checklist. At a
minimum, the checklist shall verify the proper
operation and maintenance (i.e., no
perceptible leaks) of the following
components.
(i) hose connections, unions, couplings, and
valves;
(ii) machine door gaskets and seatings;
(iii) filter head gaskets and seatings;
(iv) pumps;
(v) base tanks and storage containers;
(vi) wastewater evaporators or separators;
(vii) filter sludge recovery units;
(viii) distillation units;
(ix) diverter valves;
(x) lint baskets; and
(xi) filter cartridges.
(7) Repairs. The trained operator shall immediately
repair or order repair service or parts for dry
cleaning or corresponding control system with any
perceptible leaks and according to the following
schedules.
(A) Immediate Repair. All perceptible leaks from
the dry cleaning or control systems shall be
repaired within twenty-four (24) hours or
repair service(s) or part(s) shall be ordered
within two (2) working days of detecting the
leak.
(B) Leak Marking. If repair service or parts are
ordered, the leaking component(s) shall be
clearly marked or tagged with the date that
the leak is detected.
(C) Immediate Installation. The ordered repair
parts shall be installed within five (5)
working days of receipt.
(D) Repair Duration. The cumulative duration of
the repair service(s) and part(s) order shall
not exceed fifteen (15) working days.
(E) Recordkeeping. The date that a perceptible
leak is detected and the nature and date of
their repair shall be noted in the Facility
Log of System Maintenance and Repair.
(8) Reporting and Recordkeeping. The trained operator
shall prepare and maintain all reporting and
recordkeeping requirements as specified in
subdivisions (h) and (i).
(9) Water Repelling and Dip Tank Operations. On or
after June 9, 1996, the trained employee performing
water repelling or dip tank operations shall comply
with the following requirements.
(A) Water Repelling. All materials to be treated
with perchloroethylene water repelling
solutions shall be treated in a factory
original or converted closed loop machine, or
a covered dip tank.
(B) The dip tank shall remain covered at all
times, except when materials are placed in or
removed from the dip tank or while the basket
is moved into position.
(C) After immersion, the materials shall be
drained within the covered dip tank until
dripping ceases.
(D) All materials removed from the dip tank shall
be immediately, within one (1) minute, placed
and treated in a closed loop machine for
drying and shall not be removed from the
machine until the materials are dry.
(10) Transfer or Vented Machine with a Carbon Adsorber.
A dry cleaning facility with a transfer or vented
machine and operating a carbon adsorber as
specified in paragraph (d)(2), which functions
during the during cycle, shall meet the following
requirements.
(A) Desorption shall be performed each time all
dry cleaning equipment exhausted to the device
has cleaned a total of three (3) pounds of
materials for each pound of activated carbon.
Desorption shall be performed with the minimum
steam pressure and air flow capacity
recommended by the manufacturer.
(B) Once desorption is complete, the carbon bed
shall be fully dried according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
(C) No vented perchloroethylene vapors shall
bypass the carbon adsorber to the atmosphere.
(g) Monitoring Requirements
A person who owns or operates a perchloroethylene dry
cleaning facility shall comply with all of the following
applicable monitoring requirements.
(1) Weekly Testing of Integral Control Systems.
(A) Carbon Adsorber. The trained operator shall
monitor the carbon adsorber weekly.
(i) Outlet Measurement. If used to monitor
the outlet of the carbon adsorber, the
colorimetric detector tube shall be
designed to measure a perchloroethylene
concentration of 100 ppmv in air to an
accuracy of ñ10 ppmv and operated
according to the manufacturer's
instructions. The vent outlet shall be
easily accessible and at least eight (8)
stack or duct diameters downstream and
two (2) stack or duct diameters upstream
from any flow disturbances such as a
bend, expansion, contraction, inlet, or
outlet.
(ii) Drum Measurement. If used to monitor the
drum, the colorimetric detector tube
shall be designed to measure a
perchloroethylene concentration of 300
ppmv in air to an accuracy of ñ30 ppmv
and operated according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
(B) Refrigerated Condenser. The trained operator
shall monitor the refrigerated condenser
weekly.
(i) Temperature Sensors. Temperature sensors
shall be installed on the outlet duct of
the refrigerated condenser, measure the
vapor phase, and be easily visible to the
trained operator or trained employee.
The outlet sensor shall be downstream
from any bypass.
(ii) Manufacturer's Instructions. The
temperature sensor shall be operated
according to the manufacturer's
instructions.
(iii) Sensor Range. The temperature
sensor shall have a minimum range of 0oF
(-18oC) to 150oF (66oC) with an accuracy
of ñ2oF (ñ1.1oC).
(C) Equivalent Perchloroethylene Recovery Systems.
Dry cleaning machines that are equipped with
an equivalent perchloroethylene recovery
system shall have a monitoring device that
measures the perchloroethylene concentration,
or a demonstrated surrogate parameter, in the
back of the drum above the materials being
processed. This monitoring device shall
indicate if the perchloroethylene
concentration is greater or less than 8,600
ppmv at the end of the drying cycle and before
the machine door is opened and any fugitive
control system is activated. The display
portion of this monitoring device shall be
easily visible to the operator.
(2) Perchloroethylene Detector. A dry cleaning machine
having a perchloroethylene detector shall be exempt
from the weekly testing requirements of integral
control systems as specified in paragraph (g)(1).
(A) The display portion of the perchloroethylene
detector shall be easily visible to the
operator.
(B) The perchloroethylene detector shall operate
whenever the dry cleaning machine is in use.
(C) The perchloroethylene detector shall be
located in the back of the drum and above the
materials being cleaned.
(D) The perchloroethylene detector for a machine
equipped with a primary, but not a secondary,
control system shall indicate if the
perchloroethylene concentration is greater or
less than 8,600 ppmv at the end of the drying
cycle and before any fugitive control system
is activated.
(E) The perchloroethylene detector for a machine
equipped with primary and secondary control
systems shall indicate if the
perchloroethylene concentration is greater or
less than 300 ppmv at the end of the drying
cycle and before any fugitive control system
is activated.
(F) The perchloroethylene detector shall have an
auditory and visual signal. The visual signal
shall not be capable of being manually
disabled.
(G) The dry cleaning machine shall have a sampling
port that provides access to the same air
measured by the perchloroethylene detector.
(h) Reporting Requirements
A person who owns or operates a perchloroethylene dry
cleaning facility shall comply with all of the
applicable reporting requirements set forth below,
according to the schedule specified in paragraphs (j)(2)
and (j)(3). The facility shall maintain these reports
for at least five (5) years or until the next
inspection, whichever period is longer. The responsible
official or trained employee shall maintain, and
immediately make available upon request, the following
reports at the facility at all times for the first two
(2) years. These reports may be kept anywhere else for
the remaining three (3) years but must be delivered to
the SCAQMD within two (2) working days of request.
(1) Initial Report. At a minimum, the initial report
shall include the following elements:
(A) a signature by a responsible official
certifying that the initial report is accurate
and true;
(B) the name and mailing address of the
responsible official;
(C) the business address of the dry cleaning
facility;
(D) documentation or estimation of
perchloroethylene purchased over the previous
twelve (12) months;
(E) a description of each dry cleaning machine
currently installed and used at the facility,
including the type and capacity;
(F) the date that each dry cleaning machine was
installed; and
(G) a description of each air pollution control
device currently installed and used at the
facility.
(2) Compliance Report. At a minimum, the compliance
report shall include the following elements:
(A) a signature by a responsible official
certifying that the compliance report is
accurate and true;
(B) the name and mailing address of the
responsible official;
(C) the business address of the dry cleaning
facility;
(D) documentation of perchloroethylene purchased
over the previous twelve (12) months;
(E) a description of each compliant dry cleaning
and air pollution control device currently
installed and used at the facility or of
future actions being undertaken to comply with
this rule;
(F) the date that each compliant dry cleaning and
air pollution control device was or will be
installed; and
(G) a statement recognizing the requirements and
certifying implementation of:
(i) control system;
(ii) good operating practices; and
(iii) recordkeeping.
(3) Annual Report. At a minimum, the annual report
shall include the following elements:
(A) a signature by a responsible official
certifying that the annual report is accurate
and true;
(B) a copy of the record of completion for each
trained operator for the facility;
(C) the total pounds of materials cleaned and
total gallons of perchloroethylene used over
the previous twelve (12) months;
(D) the average facility mileage, based on the
following formulae;
Average Facility Mileage =
Materials Cleaned (pounds)
---------------------------
Perchloroethylene Used (gallons)
(E) a perchloroethylene balance sheet presented in
terms of amounts of perchloroethylene in initial
inventory; additionally purchased; disposed of;
and in ending inventory over the previous twelve
(12) months, and perchloroethylene emitted to
the atmosphere, based on the following formula:
Annual Emission (pounds) =
Initial Inventory (pounds)+Additional Purchases (pounds)-Annual Disposal
(pounds)-Ending Inventory (pounds)
(F) a system statement itemizing and describing
the perchloroethylene dry cleaning and
corresponding control system currently
installed at the facility;
(G) a pollution prevention statement itemizing and
describing all good operating practices,
inspections, reporting, recordkeeping, and
training activities currently in practice at
the facility;
(H) a description and schedule for any planned
changes to the system or activities at the
facility;
(I) a summary of the inspection and repair logs;
and
(J) a summary of the training record.
(4) Reporting Relief. The SCAQMD may elect to reduce
or eliminate portions of these reporting requirements
should the information being required be available or
maintained through other means or be redundant and
unchanging.
(i) Recordkeeping Requirements
A person who owns or operates a perchloroethylene dry
cleaning facility shall comply with all of the
applicable recordkeeping requirements set forth below,
according to the schedule specified in paragraphs (j)(2)
and (j)(3). The facility shall maintain these reports
for at least five (5) years or until the next SCAQMD
inspection, whichever period is longer. The responsible
official or employee shall maintain, and immediately
make available upon request, the following records at
the facility at all times for the first two (2) years.
These reports may be kept anywhere else for the
remaining three (3) years but must be delivered to the
SCAQMD within two (2) working days of request.
(1) Daily Machine Log. For each dry cleaning machine,
the facility shall maintain a daily log showing the
date and the pounds of materials cleaned per load.
(2) Daily Facility Log. The facility shall maintain a
daily log showing the date and the name of the
person performing the following activities.
(A) Perchloroethylene Purchased, Delivered, Used,
and Disposed. The facility shall maintain
copies of purchase, delivery, and disposal
receipts in the log.
(B) Daily Visual Inspection. The trained employee
performing the inspection shall record the
time of the inspection and make a statement in
the log regarding the presence or absence of
any perceptible leaks.
(3) Weekly Facility Log. The facility shall maintain a
weekly log showing the date and the name of the
trained operator performing the following
activities.
(A) Carbon Adsorber Efficiency. The results of
the carbon adsorber outlet or drum measurement
during dry cleaning machine operation shall be
recorded in the log.
(B) Refrigerated Condenser Efficiency. The
temperature difference across the refrigerated
condenser during dry cleaning machine
operation shall be recorded in the log.
(C) Weekly Checklist Inspection. The facility
shall maintain copies of the completed
checklists in the log.
(4) Monthly Facility Log of Annual Perchloroethylene
Purchased. On the first operating day of every
month, the trained operator or employee shall sum
up the volume of perchloroethylene purchased over
the previous twelve (12) months.
(5) Facility Log of System Maintenance And Repair. The
log shall contain the date and a description of the
required repair(s) and action being taken to
complete the repair(s), and copies of dated service
or part(s) order(s).
(6) Operation and Maintenance Manuals. The facility
shall keep the operation and maintenance manuals of
the perchloroethylene dry cleaning and
corresponding control system for the life of the
machine or system.
(7) Facility Record of Trained Operator(s) and
Employee(s).
(A) The facility shall maintain the original
record of successful completion for each
trained operator during the employment of that
person. Successful completion of an
environmental training program shall be
evidenced by a dated and instructor signed
record of completion.
(B) The facility shall keep a copy of the record
of completion for each trained operator and
for two (2) additional years after termination
of employment at the facility.
(C) The facility shall maintain a record of the
date and nature of the training of each
employee during and for two (2) additional
years after the termination of employment at
the facility.
(8) Recordkeeping Relief. The SCAQMD may elect to
reduce or eliminate portions of these recordkeeping
requirements should the information being required
be available or maintained through other means or
be redundant and unchanging.
(j) Compliance Schedule
A person who owns or operates a perchloroethylene dry
cleaning facility shall comply with all of the following
applicable provisions of the compliance schedule:
(1) All Dry Cleaning Facilities.
(A) Immediate Requirements. On or after December
9, 1994, all facilities are subject to the
following provisions:
(i) good operating practices, according to
paragraph (f)(4);
(ii) daily visual inspections, according to
paragraph (f)(5);
(iii) weekly checklist inspections,
according to paragraph (f)(6);
(iv) immediate repairs, according to paragraph
(f)(7);
(v) daily log of perchloroethylene purchased,
used, and disposed, according to
subparagraph (i)(2)(A); and
(vi) weekly facility log, according to
paragraph (i)(3).
(B) Monthly Log of Annual Perchloroethylene
Purchased. Before December 9, 1995, the
responsible official or trained employee shall
begin, and maintain on the first day of each
subsequent month, a monthly log of the
perchloroethylene purchased over the previous
twelve (12) months.
(C) Trained Operator Refresher Course. The
trained operator shall successfully complete
the refresher course of an environmental
training program offered pursuant to 17 CCR,
Section 93110 once every three (3) years after
initial certification.
(D) Interim Trained Operator. The term of an
interim trained operator shall not exceed four
(4) months. The Executive Officer's designee
may extend the term of the interim trained
operator by one (1) month after the next
available initial course.
(E) Replacement Trained Operator. The responsible
official shall obtain certification of a
replacement trained operator within three (3)
months of the loss of the last or sole trained
operator. The Executive Officer's designee
may extend the time schedule for certification
of the replacement trained operator by one (1)
month after the next available initial course.
(F) Written Training Extension Request. A
responsible official may request an extension
to comply with the time limits specified in
subparagraphs (j)(1)(C), (j)(1)(D), (j)(1)(E),
(j)(2)(D), (j)(2)(E), (j)(3)(C), and (j)(3)(D)
in writing thirty (30) calendar days before
the given time period expires.
(2) Existing Facilities.
(A) Initial Report. Before February 9, 1995, the
responsible official or trained operator shall
prepare and submit to the SCAQMD a completed
initial report for the existing facility,
pursuant to paragraph (h)(1).
(B) Compliance Report. Before December 9, 1995,
the responsible official or trained operator
shall prepare and submit to the SCAQMD a
completed compliance report for the existing
facility, pursuant to paragraph (h)(2).
(C) Annual Report. Within one (1) year after the
compliance report, the responsible official or
trained operator shall prepare and submit to
the SCAQMD an annual report for the existing
facility, pursuant to paragraph (h)(3), and
update and submit the annual report every year
thereafter.
(D) Trained Operator. On or after June 9, 1996,
each existing facility shall have at least one
(1) trained operator. The Executive Officer's
designee may extend the time schedule for
certification of the trained operator by six
(6) months after the next available initial
course.
(E) Trained Employees. On or after December 9,
1996, the trained operator shall train each
employee of the existing facility. The
Executive Officer's designee may extend the
time schedule for employee training by six (6)
months after the trained operator has
successfully completed the initial course.
(3) New Facilities.
(A) Compliance Report. Within sixty (60) calendar
days of the date of issuance of the Permit to
Operate, the responsible official or trained
operator shall prepare and submit to the
SCAQMD a completed compliance report for the
new facility, pursuant to paragraph (h)(2).
(B) Annual Report. Within one (1) year after the
compliance report, the responsible official or
trained operator shall prepare and submit to
the SCAQMD an annual report for the existing
facility, pursuant to paragraph (h)(3), and
update and submit the annual report every year
thereafter.
(C) Trained Operator. Within three (3) months of
the date of issuance of the Permit to Operate,
each new facility shall have at least one (1)
trained operator. The Executive Officer's
designee may extend the time schedule for
certification of the trained operator by one
(1) month after the next available initial
course.
(D) Trained Employees. Within nine (9) months of
the date of issuance of the Permit to Operate,
the trained operator shall train each employee
of the new facility. The Executive Officer's
designee may extend the time schedule for
employee training by six (6) months after the
trained operator has successfully completed
the initial course.
(k) Test Methods
(1) The control efficiency of the control system shall
be determined according to US EPA Test Method 18.
(2) The verification of a perceptible leak of
perchloroethylene shall be determined according to
CARB Test Method 21, measured at the surface of the
leaking component.