ÿWPC$  ¶,°—¾„öâvZr>qQxÿ°/3:PšMñ7-Ûâ¾T/¥"{ È;Hli}½äÛÑ¿éÊ3¬~+]Ão'ªŠM8ÂéH’šÞm;ÌÆ¸¤‚Ä·hšMã|)„‰š)¾WWo´?˜»vØrÅÅ’èÞ 0¼®YßòšC„Åo0T` ±¿ö« ÿ M‰oš_ "€”tïƒ+¨™¼}úºf^ýOæî.šúòËÀYÙÞ‹üR¸tXæûß®>mŒr€)óoË7ñ¶Ä_ª,z;ø;ž·‡gYlùñ-ûÒ{ªþ3k:JšV™Ú°S@yýõ *|P«²‹Eðä˯=é´ß Ùí©²9¬"èJ eAý˜^Eß„e1£iå IÎr®ƒ8©2à_oÒ_%Œ*ùìD„‡­ÕD6ê+7ð.+ˆâaࣀàC˜ªU|òœ7§;Qïû"bˆÞ¬h•w•ôME§ÄÉ·™!×nh´a‘:FãÒfD!t`ÌLG#NÄéå 'ö;}úOìã’D˜¶£I©oCrû£+N_õ<>EëŒvý¯=K6¿mZ×Êceɇ‚ûžÑ#/ŒÜ„ÿ‘åøøÿU#QK6°8ë+0OgíÙ3]iúù$N¬‘@†€# UN %_ 0(e UH LÕ w@! 4a u „ „ bŒ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ Œ 0 L” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” ” 0Dà Appendix C--Implementation Issues Ì  ' CMARVIN0CMARVIN .   ˜HP LaserJet 4/4MHPPCL5E,,,,0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡.X0¸ AZ0Univers (W1) RegularC:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT »D¼D½D¾D¿DÀDÁDÂEÃÄDO†e"3|xÄC- ù>c$"Small Circleð"ðà0 à(3¯$§§Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ݛԀX7vXXXÔò òÔ‡X<ÒXXX7vÔÓ  ÓÑ€ ÑÑ7€<ÒXXdðXXdð7ÑAPPENDIX€CÐ ° ÐÌCOMMENTS€ONÌIMPLEMENTATION€POLICIES€TO€SUPPORT€ÌTHE€U.S.€ENVIRONMENTAL€PROTECTION€AGENCYððS€PROPOSED€ÌNATIONAL€AMBIENT€AIR€QUALITY€STANDARDS€ÌFOR€PARTICULATE€MATTER€AND€OZONEó óÐ P   ÐÔ#†X7vXXX<Ò>#ÔÔ‡X<ÒXXX7vÔò òòòÌÓ]ÓÌó óóóTo€support€revised€federal€air€quality€standards,€the€U.S.€Environmental€Protection€AgencyÐ  p  Ð(U.S.EPA)€is€also€proposing€a€specific€policy€to€guide€states€in€implementing€any€new€standardsÏand€is€soliciting€comment€on€a€broad€range€of€implementation€issues.€€This€appendix€discussesÏcritical€implementation€concerns€for€California€and€suggests€general€policy€principles€to€addressÏeach€issue.€òòò òÐ à0  ÐÌÌóóINTERIM€IMPLEMENTATION€POLICYó óÐ ° ЀÌà  àThe€proposed€transition€or€Interim€Implementation€Policy€is€intended€to€ensure€that€statesÏcontinue€making€progress€toward€cleaner€air€while€they€are€still€developing€formal€attainmentÏplans€for€the€revised€standards.€€ÌÌòòò òAutomatic€œbump„upó󛀀ó óÐ P  ÐÌà  àFor€existing€ð ðModerateðð€ozone€nonattainment€areas€that€failed€to€attain€the€current€federalÏstandard€in€1996€(like€Santa€Barbara),€U.S.€EPA€proposes€automatic€ð ðbump„upðð€to€some€of€theÏClean€Air€Act€requirements€for€ð ðSeriousðð€areas.€€Specifically,€U.S.EPA€would€raise€the€hurdlesÏfor€siting€or€expanding€a€major€pollution€source€in€the€area.€€This€would€penalize€new€andÏgrowing€businesses€for€the€attainment€failure,€without€consideration€as€to€the€real€cause.€€Instead,ÏU.S.€EPA€should€use€its€ð ðState€Implementation€Plan€(SIP)€callðð€authority€and€give€the€state€theÏflexibility€to€assess€the€reasons€for€the€failure€and€propose€an€appropriate€strategy€in€response.ÌÌòòò òApplication€of€the€ð ðno€backslidingðð€œprincipleñ»ñ.ñ»ñóóó 󛀀Ð °"  ÐÌà  àUnder€the€ð ðno€backslidingðð€provision€of€the€policy,€states€would€have€to€continueÏmeeting€the€rate„of„progress€requirements€in€the€Clean€Air€Act€during€the€transition.€€CaliforniaÏwill€follow€the€course€set€by€its€approved€Ozone€SIP€and€SIPs€for€PM10.€€The€California€SIPÏwould€meet€the€rate„of„progress€requirement€proposed€in€the€Interim€Implementation€Policy.ÌÌòòò òPreliminary€attainment€demonstration€for€œozoneñ¼ñ.ñ¼ñóóó 󛀀Ð @)$' ÐÌà  àU.S.€EPA€proposes€to€require€states€to€submit,€within€90€days€of€finalizing€the€new€ozoneÏstandard,€a€preliminary€analysis€of€the€emission€reductions€needed€to€attain€that€standard.€€TheÐ ,`'* Ðrationale€is€that€such€an€assessment€would€indicate€the€need€to€move€forward€with€new€airÏquality€programs€even€while€the€state€is€developing€its€formal€attainment€plan.€€This€sort€ofÏanalysis€could€prove€useful€to€states€that€have€not€yet€developed€the€ozone€attainment€plans€forÏthe€current€standards,€but€it€should€not€be€mandatory.Ìòòò òÌÌóóADVANCE€NOTICE€ON€THE€IMPLEMENTATION€POLICYó óÐ P   ÐÌà  àThe€Advance€Notice€poses€a€series€of€questions€and€discusses€a€broad€range€of€optionsÏfor€implementation€policies€that€U.S.€EPA€must€address€in€future€rulemakings€(expected€in€1998Ïand€1999).€€With€potentially€significant€changes€to€the€air€quality€standards€pending,€the€noticeÏseeks€to€stimulate€the€national€debate€as€early€as€possible.€€The€most€important€issues€forÏCalifornia€are€discussed€below,€along€with€general€principles€that€U.S.€EPA€should€consider€inÏdeveloping€its€specific€policies.ÌÌòòò òTiming/attainment€œdatesñ½ñ.ñ½ñó󛀀ó óÐ À ÐÌà  àThe€1990€Clean€Air€Act€recognized€the€need€to€provide€more€time€for€areas€that€facedÏmore€difficult€challenges€(based€on€the€nature€and€severity€of€the€problem,€as€well€as€the€progressÏalready€achieved).€€Dates€set€by€Congress€in€the€current€Act€have€proven€to€be€appropriate€inÏbalancing€the€need€for€rapid€progress€with€the€practical€constraints,€except€for€areas€dominatedÏby€transported€pollutants.€€U.S.€EPA€policies€for€establishing€attainment€deadlines€for€newÏstandards€should€be€based€on€these€principles:ÌÌà  àÝ‚"cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚"c Ýð"ðà0 ` àÝ  ÝStates€should€not€be€required€to€meet€more€stringent€standards€in€the€same€timeÐ 0€ Ðframes€applied€to€existing,€less€stringent€standards.€€Deadlines€must€take€intoÏaccount€the€availability€of€cost„effective€technologies€and€the€need€to€rely€onÏfuture€technology€advancements.݃"c $݌Р` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àÝ‚"cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚"c½Ýð"ðà0 ` àÝ  ÝDeadlines€for€transport€impacted€regions€must€take€into€account€attainmentÐ à0 Ðdeadlines€for€ð ðupwindðð€areas€that€contribute€to€or€cause€the€violations.݃"c½ØÝŒÐ ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àÝ‚"cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚"cûÝð"ðà0 ` àÝ  ÝStates€or€regions€with€more€difficult€air€pollution€problems€should€have€more€timeÐ °"  Ðto€comply€with€standards€than€areas€with€less€severe€problems.݃"cû݌Р` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÌà  àÝ‚"cÿÝÝ  ÝÝ‚"c1Ýð"ðà0 ` àÝ  ÝAll€nonattainment€areas€should€make€expeditious€and€steady€progress€towardsÐ €%Ð # Ðclean€air.€€Ýƒ"c1L݌Р` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà  àÌòòò òDesignations€of€nonattainment€œareasñ¾ñ.ñ¾ñóóó 󛀀Ð P( #& ÐÌà  àAttainment€and€nonattainment€designations€should€continue€to€reflect€the€monitored€airÏquality€in€each€area,€without€consideration€to€the€source€of€air€pollution.€€Designations€shouldÏserve€two€purposes:€€(1)€to€indicate€whether€the€air€meets€health„based€œstandardsñÂñ,ñÂñ›œñÃñ;ñÃñ›€and€(2)€toÐ ,`'* Ðtrigger€a€planning€process€to€assess€the€œproblemñÄñ,ñÄñ›€and€relative€responsibility€in€transport€areas,€andÏto€identify€actions€needed€to€ensure€standards€are€attained.€€Designations,€in€and€of€themselves,Ïshould€not€trigger€control€requirements.€€U.S.€EPA€should€structure€its€implementation€policyÏand€schedule€to€ensure€that€designation€of€PM2.5€nonattainment€areas€can€be€based€on€PM2.5Ïmonitoring€data.ÌÌò òòòPollutant€œtransportñ¿ñ.ñ¿ñó󛀀ó óÐ P   ÐÌà  àArea€classifications,€which€are€tied€to€planning€and€control€requirements€in€the€Clean€AirÏAct,€should€consider€pollutant€transport.€€Where€transport€occurs€between€areas€within€the€sameÏstate,€it€should€be€the€stateððs€responsibility€to€assess€equitable€planning€and€controlÏresponsibilities€in€order€to€reach€attainment€in€all€areas€as€expeditiously€as€possible.€€In€the€caseÏof€interstate€transport€in€the€West,€affected€states€will€need€to€establish€a€mechanism€to€ensureÏappropriate€technical€analyses€of€the€relative€contribution,€if€any,€of€each€state€to€another€stateððsÏair€quality€problem.€€U.S.€EPAððs€transport€policy€must€recognize€such€technical€assessments,€asÏwell€as€the€existing€levels€of€control€in€each€state.òòò ò€€ó óóóGiven€the€importance€of€this€issue,€U.S.€EPAÐ À Ðshould€establish€new€policies€to€address€transport€as€part€of€the€first€phase€of€implementationÏpolicy€development.€€ÌÌòòò òImplementation€of€secondary€(welfare)€œstandardsñÀñ.ñÀñó󛀀ó óÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àIf€U.S.€EPA€promulgates€a€secondary€ozone€standard€that€is€more€stringent€than€theÏprimary€standard€for€some€regions,€there€could€be€new€nonattainment€areas€that€only€violate€theÏsecondary€standard.€€In€this€event,€U.S.€EPA€should€consider€the€appropriateness€of€applyingÏtransportation€conformity,€as€well€as€planning€and€control€requirements,€to€areas€that€violate€onlyÏthe€secondary€standard.€Ì€Ìòòò òTransportation€œconformityñÁñ.ñÁñó󛀀ó óÐ P ÐÌà  àIn€the€Advance€Notice,€U.S.€EPA€does€not€address€the€federal€regulations€forÏtransportation€conformity,€which€require€consistency€between€air€quality€and€transportationÏplans.€€New€approaches€to€federal€air€quality€planning€may€require€revision€to€the€conformityÏregulations€to€make€this€consistency€possible.€€U.S.€EPA€must€evaluate,€and€potentially€redesign,Ïtransportation€conformity€requirements€in€parallel€with€changes€to€implementation€policies€toÏavoid€problems.€ÌÔ#†XXXXÌ•Ä#Ô