D. R. Lawson
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401
E. M. Fujita, D. E. Campbell, B. Zielinska, W. P. Arnott, J. Sagebiel, L. Reinhart, J. C. Chow
Desert Research Institute
2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512-1095
J. Schauer, C. Christensen, G. Lough
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program
660 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706
P. A. Gabele
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
N. N. Clark
West Virginia University, Dept. of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
P.O. Box 6106, Morgantown, WV 26506
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DOE's Gasoline/Diesel PM Split Study was conducted
to quantify the relative contributions of tailpipe emissions from gasoline-powered motor vehicles and diesel-powered
motor vehicles to the ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the urbanized region of Southern
California using an organic compound-based chemical mass balance model (CMB). This study involved several groups
working cooperatively on sample collection and quality assurance aspects of the study, but working independently,
at least initially, on chemical analysis and data analysis. Groups participating in the Study included California's
Bureau of Automotive Repair, South Coast Air Quality Management District, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Ralph's Groceries, Clean Air Vehicle Technology Center, West Virginia University, the University of Wisconsin at
Madison (UWM), and the Desert Research Institute (DRI). Source testing of 59 LD vehicles (including 2 diesel vehicles)
was completed in June 2001; ambient measurements were performed in July 2001, and the testing of 34 HD vehicles
was completed in September 2001. Source and ambient samples were collected in parallel by DRI and UWM. The presentation
will describe the chemical compositions and apportionments of gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles that were obtained
by DRI and UWM.
Twenty-four hour ambient samples were collected on Teflon and quartz filters and Teflon-impregnated glass fiber
(TIGF) filters followed by polyurethane foam (PUF) plugs and XAD-4 resin cartridges for twenty-eight consecutive
days at air monitoring stations in downtown Los Angeles and Azusa. Teflon filters were analyzed for gravimetric
mass, elements, and ions, and quartz filters were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon by Thermal Optical
Reflectance (TOR) and Thermal Optical Transmittance (TOT) using both IMPROVE and NIOSH protocols. The TIGF/PUF/XAD
samples were combined and extracted together by day of week, and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
hopanes, steranes, alkanes, methoxyphenols, lactones, sterols, and polar organic compounds. A third set of ambient
samples was collected from a mobile sampling van at several regionally representative sites and at locations with
expected higher proportions of PM emissions from diesel trucks (e.g., Terminal Island, truck stop, highway truck
routes) and from gasoline vehicles (e.g., congested freeway during commuter rush hour, surface streets during weekends,
a parking lot at major sporting events). Black carbon and total particulate matter were monitored continuously
by photoacoustic and DustTrak instruments. In addition to the source apportionment effort, we examined the variations
in relative abundances of key marker compounds in the source-dominated ambient samples relative to corresponding
variations in the samples from regional air quality monitoring sites by day of week. This work was supported by
the DOE's Office of FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies through the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. |
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Eric M. Fujita is a Research Professor in the Division of Atmospheric Sciences of the Desert Research
Institute in Reno, Nevada. Dr. Fujita has 25 years of experience in planning and conducting air quality studies.
His research interests include chemical characterization of emission sources, reconciliation of emission inventory
estimates for VOC and PM with ambient measurements, and measurement and characterization of exposures to toxic
air contaminants. Prior to coming to DRI, he was an Air Pollution Research Specialist for the Research Division
of the California Air Resources Board where he initiated and managed extramural research in emission inventory
development, air quality measurements, and atmospheric processes. Dr. Fujita has a doctorate in Environmental Science
and Engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles.
Douglas R. Lawson is a principal scientist at the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado, where he is responsible for OHVT's Environmental Science & Health Impacts
Program. He coordinates this effort with industry, government, and university groups in understanding the influence
of fuels and motor vehicle emissions on air quality in the U.S. Dr. Lawson also currently serves as a commissioner
on the nine-member state of Colorado Air Quality Control Commission. He has been a member of two National Academy
of Science Committees: one on the Toxicological and Performance Aspects of Oxygenated and Reformulated Motor Vehicle
Fuels; and the second, on Effectiveness of Vehicle Emission Inspection and Maintenance Programs. Prior to coming
to NREL, he served as senior research scientist at Colorado State University for the Northern Front Range Air Quality
Study, a $4 million program designed to identify the sources of the Denver "Brown Cloud." He has been
asked to testify at congressional hearings and legislative hearings in several states on various aspects of air
pollution and is an expert on various aspects of mobile source pollution. Dr. Lawson worked at the ARB from 1980-1992,
where he performed air pollution research and supervised many air pollution research studies, including the 1987
Southern California Air Quality Study, and received ARB's Sustained Superior Performance and Outstanding Supervisory
Management Awards. He has authored more than 100 reports on various aspects of air pollution.
James Schauer is an Associate Professor in the Environmental Chemistry
and Technology Program and the Civil and Environmental Engineering Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
and serves as the Director of the Water Science and Engineering Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin. He received
his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering Science from the California Institute of Technology, his MS in Environmental
Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley and his BS degree in Chemical and Petroleum Refining
Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines. Dr. Schauer has previously worked in the chemical and petroleum
refining industry as a Chemical Process Engineer and has helped commission and start-up large chemical facilities
in Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa. Dr. Schauer currently leads an internationally recognized research
team that employs advanced chemical analysis and air pollution sampling techniques to understand the chemical composition
of source emissions and atmospheric pollutant concentrations. These methods are being used to understand the origin
of impact of air pollutants in the urban atmosphere, human health, the ecosystems, and global climate change. Dr.
Schauer has authored and co-authored more than 45 peer reviewed manuscripts in leading environmental science, environmental
engineering, and air pollution journals in the past 8 years. Prof. Schauer is honored as a Guest Professor at Peking
University (formerly Beijing University) in Beijing, China. |
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For more information on this
Seminar please contact Eileen McCauley at (916) 323-1514 or send email to: emccaule@arb.ca.gov.
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For a complete listing of
the ARB Chairman's Series and the related documentation for each one of the series please check this page.
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