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(a)
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Definitions. For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply: |
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(1)
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"Aluminum and Aluminum-Based Alloys" means any metal that is at least 80 percent
aluminum by weight. |
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(2)
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"ARB Test Method 5" means the test method specified in Title 17, California Code of Regulations,
Section 94105. |
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(3)
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"Clean Aluminum Scrap" means scrap that is composed solely of aluminum or aluminum alloys
(including anodized aluminum) and that is free of paints, coatings, rubber, or plastics. |
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(4)
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"Copper or Copper-Based Alloy" means any metal that is more than 50 percent copper by
weight, including but not limited to brass and bronze. |
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(5)
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"District" means the air quality management district or air pollution control district with
jurisdiction over the facility. |
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(6)
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"Dust Forming Material" means any material containing more than 15 percent by weight of particulate
matter less than 0.84 millimeter (mm) equivalent diameter as determined by ASTM C136-84a "Standard
Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates" using a number 20 U.S. Bureau
of Standards sieve with 0.84 mm square openings or an alternate method deemed acceptable by the
district Air Pollution Control Officer or Executive Officer. |
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(7)
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"Emission Collection System" means equipment which is installed for the purpose of directing,
taking in, confining, and conveying an air contaminant and which conforms to specifications for design and
operation given in Industrial Ventilation, Manual of Recommended Practices, 20th edition,
1988, published by the American Conference of Government and Industrial Hygienists, which is incorporated
by reference herein. |
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(8)
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"Emission Point" means any location where molten metal is or can be exposed to air, including
but not limited to, furnaces, crucibles, refining kettles, ladles, tap holes, pouring spouts, and slag channels.
A mold or die in which metal is cooling is not considered an emission point. |
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(9)
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"Enclosed Storage Area" means any space used to contain materials that has a wall or partition
on at least three sides or three-quarters of its circumference and that screens the material stored therein to
prevent emissions of the material to the air. |
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(10)
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"Facility" means any real or personal property being used for metal melting activities, which
is located on one or more contiguous or adjacent parcels of property in actual contact or separated only by a public
roadway or other public right-of-way, and owned or operated by the same person or persons, corporation,
government agency, public district, public officer, association, joint venture, partnership, or any combination
of such entities. |
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(11)
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"Fugitive Emission Control" means any equipment, activity, or process carried out to reduce emissions
resulting either from the storage or handling of dust forming materials or material collected by a particulate
matter control system or the removal of particulate matter from metal melting or pouring that has settled
on the ground or other surfaces, or that has escaped from a properly designed and operated emission collection
system. |
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(12)
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"Good Operating Practices" means specific activities necessary to maintain the original collection
and control efficiencies of the air pollution control equipment as designed. These activities include but are not
limited to verifying operating specifications such as cleaning cycles, air flow, and velocity; and inspecting
equipment such as duct work, blowers, and components of the control equipment through a general maintenance and inspection
program. |
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(13)
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"Hard Lead" means any alloy containing at least 90 percent lead and more than 0.001 percent
arsenic by weight or 0.001 percent cadmium by weight. |
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(14)
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"Molten Metal" means metal or metal alloy in a liquid state, in which a cohesive mass of
metal will flow under atmospheric pressure and take the shape of a container in which it is placed. |
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(15)
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"Metal Melting Furnace" means any apparatus in which metal in a container is brought to a
liquid state, including but not limited to reverberatory, cupola, induction, direct arc furnaces, sweat furnaces,
and refining kettles. "Metal melting furnace" does not include any apparatus in which
the metal is heated but does not reach a molten state such as a sintering furnace or an annealing furnace. |
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(16)
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"New Sand" means any sand not exposed to the casting process. |
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(17)
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"Non-Ferrous Metal" means lead, copper, zinc, cadmium, arsenic, aluminum, and their alloys. |
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(18)
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"Particulate Matter" or "PM" means any solid material, except uncombined water,
which exists in a finely divided form at standard conditions of temperature and pressure (293 K and 760
mm mercury). |
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(19)
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"Particulate Matter Control System" means any device or series of devices designed and
operated in a manner intended to remove fine particulate matter (< 10 um) from an air or gas stream. |
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(20)
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"Person" shall have the same meaning as defined in Health and Safety Code section 39047. |
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(21)
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"Process Emission Control" means any equipment installed and operated to control emissions
of toxic metals from any emission point as defined in subsection (a)(8). |
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(22)
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"Pure Lead" means any alloy that is at least 90 percent lead and contains no more
than 0.001 percent cadmium by weight and 0.001 percent arsenic by weight. |
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(23)
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"Ringlemann Chart" means the Ringlemann Chart published in the United States Review
of Mine Information Circular No. 1C8333, (May 1967), as specified in Health and Safety Code section 41701(b). |
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(24)
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"Scrap" means any metal or metal-containing material that has been discarded or removed from
the use for which it was produced or manufactured and which is intended for reprocessing. "Scrap"
does not include sprues, gates, risers, foundry returns, and similar material intended for remelting that
has been generated at the facility as a consequence of casting or forming processes but has not been coated or surfaced
with any material containing cadmium, arsenic, or nickel. |
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(25)
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"Solder" means any metal in which the sum of the lead and the tin is greater than 50 percent
by weight and which is used for the purpose of joining two metals or of joining a metal to any other
material. |
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(26)
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"Type Metal" means any lead-based alloy used for linotype machines. |
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(b)
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Requirements. No person shall operate a non-ferrous metal melting furnace unless the facility is in compliance
with all the requirements specified in subsections (b)(1) through (b)(3). |
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(1)
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Emission Collection System
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(A)
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All emission points shall be equipped with an emission collection system designed and operated according to criteria
specified in subsection (a)(7). The design criteria and operating parameters shall be specified as conditions of
the authority to construct and the permit to operate granted by the district to the source for the equipment. |
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(B)
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Good operating practices shall be used by the facility, and demonstrated through a maintenance plan or procedures
approved by the district, to maintain air movement and emission collection efficiency by the system consistent
with the design criteria for the system. The maintenance plan shall specify at a minimum the following:
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(i)
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Maximum allowable variation from designed values of operating parameters, such as air velocity in the hood and
ducts and pressure drop across the control device. |
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(ii)
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Areas to be visually inspected, such as the clean side of the baghouse and ducts operating under
positive pressure, and the required frequency of such inspections. |
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(iii)
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Methods of documenting compliance with these requirements such as a log of such inspections and records of
observations and measurements. |
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|
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(2)
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Process Emission Control
The gas stream from the emission collection system required by subsection (b)(1) shall be ducted to a particulate
matter control device meeting the requirements of this section.
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(A)
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The particulate matter control device shall reduce particulate matter emissions by 99 percent or more. |
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(B)
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The temperature of the gas stream entering any particulate matter control device that is part of an emission
collection system shall not exceed 360°F. A device to be used for making this measurement shall
be maintained at the facility and shall be made available to a district representative upon his or her
request. |
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(C)
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The owner or operator of the facility shall demonstrate compliance with subsection (b)(2)(A), by conducting
an initial source test to verify the 99 percent reduction in particulate matter as determined by
means of an emissions test conducted in accordance with ARB Test Method 5. The district Air Pollution Control
Officer or Executive Officer may require additional source testing to verify continued compliance or when the process
is changed. Particulate matter reduction shall be calculated using the following equation:
[Mass In - Mass Out] X 100 = Particulate Matter
Mass in Reduction
where:
| Mass In |
=
|
Mass of Particulate Matter at the Inlet to the Control Device |
| Mass Out |
=
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Mass of Particulate Matter at the Outlet of the Control Device |
| Mass |
=
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Sum of Filter Catch, Probe Catch, Impinger Catch, and Solvent Extract |
|
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(D)
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Testing Access
The owner or operator of any facility subject to subsection (b)(2) of this regulation shall provide
access and sampling ports sufficient to perform testing in accordance with ARB Test Method 5. Ducts and stacks
shall have sampling ports so placed as to satisfy minimum requirements for Method 5 testing with regard to
flow disturbances, or acceptable alternative requirements as approved by the Air Pollution Control Officer or Executive
Officer of the district. |
|
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(3)
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Fugitive Emission Control
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(A)
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No activity associated with metal melting at a facility including furnace operation, casting, emission control
system operation, and the storage, handling, or transfer of any materials (except new sand) shall
discharge into the air any air contaminant, other than uncombined water vapor, for a period aggregating more than three minutes
in any hour which is:
|
(i)
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Half as dark or darker in shade as that designated as Number 1 on the Ringlemann Chart, as published
by the United States Bureau of Mines, or |
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(ii)
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Of such opacity as to obscure an observer's view to a degree equal to or greater than smoke as described in subsection (b)(3)(A)(i)
or 10 percent
opacity. |
|
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(B)
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Dust-forming material including, but not limited to, dross, ash, or feed material shall be stored in an enclosed
storage area or stored in a manner which meets the requirements of subsection (b)(3)(A). |
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(C)
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Material collected by a particulate matter control system shall be discharged into closed containers or an enclosed
system that is completely sealed to prevent any dust from getting out. |
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(D)
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Surfaces that are subject to vehicular or foot traffic shall be vacuumed, wet mopped, or otherwise maintained in
accordance with a district-approved maintenance plan. The plan shall specify, at a minimum: the areas
to be cleaned, the method to be used, the required frequency of the cleaning activities, and a method
of documenting the completion of the required activities. The plan shall be designed and carried
out in a way which will meet the requirements of subsection (b)(3)(A). |
|
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(c)
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Exemptions |
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(1)
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Small Quantity Exemptions. Facilities are exempt from subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) if they meet either
of the following conditions:
|
(A)
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Melt a total of no more than one ton per year of all metals, or |
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(B)
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Melt no more than the listed quantities of any one of the specific metals listed in Table I.
Table I
|
Metal
|
Exemption Limit
(tons per year)
|
| Pure Lead |
400
|
| Hard Lead |
200
|
| Aluminum Scrap |
125
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| Aluminum Ingot Containing More Than 0.004 Percent Cadmium or 0.002 Percent Arsenic |
125
|
| Solder |
100
|
| Zinc Scrap |
30
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| Copper or Copper-Based Alloys (Except Scrap) Containing More Than 0.004 Percent Cadmium or 0.002 Percent
Arsenic |
30
|
| Type Metal (Lead for Linotype Machines) |
25
|
|
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(i)
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For facilities melting more than one of the metals listed in Table I, eligibility for exemption shall be
determined using the following calculation:
For each metal listed in Table I, divide the quantity melted by the specific exemption limit listed.
Sum the resulting fractions for all the metals.
If the sum does not exceed 1.0, the facility qualifies for exemption under subsection (c)(1).
|
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(2)
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Metal or Alloy Purity Exemption. Facilities or furnaces which do not melt scrap except clean aluminum scrap
and which melt a metal or alloy (other than the metals listed in Table I) which is shown by the facility
operator to have a content of no more than 0.004 percent of cadmium and no more than 0.002 percent
of arsenic are exempt from subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3).
A facility granted an exemption under subsection (c)(1)(B) may also be granted exemption for all metals that meet
the purity limits in this subsection. |
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(3)
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Clean Aluminum Scrap Exemption. Furnaces used exclusively to process clean aluminum scrap or a mixture
of clean aluminum scrap and aluminum ingot to produce extrusion billet are exempt from subsections (b)(1)
and (b)(2). |
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(4)
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Exemption for Aluminum Furnaces. The combustion chamber in a reverberatory furnace is exempt from the requirements
of subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) if the furnace meets both of the following conditions:
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(A)
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The furnace is used solely to produce aluminum and aluminum-based alloys, and |
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(B)
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The furnace is constructed with a charging well or similar device in which feed is added to molten metal
in a separate chamber. |
|
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(5)
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Aluminum Pouring Exemption. Ladles, launders or other equipment used to convey aluminum from a melting
or holding furnace to casting equipment is exempt from the requirements of subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2). |
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(d)
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Compliance Schedule |
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(1)
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Application for exemption from control requirements. Facilities seeking exemption under subsections (c)(1)
or (c)(2) or (c)(3) shall apply and submit evidence of eligibility for exemption to the district no later
than six months after the district adopts regulations enacting this control measure. |
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(2)
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Emission control requirements. Facilities subject to this section shall apply to the district for an
authority to construct the emission collection system and the air pollution control equipment necessary
to comply with subsection (b) no later than 12 months after the district adopts the regulations enacting
this control measure. These facilities shall be in compliance no later than 24 months after the district adopts
the regulations enacting this control measure |
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(e)
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Recordkeeping |
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(1)
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Facilities subject to subsection (b) shall maintain on site for a period of two years, and make available
to a district representative upon request, a record of:
|
(A)
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The results of any source testing required by the district to demonstrate that the particulate matter control device(s)
are operating as required by subsection (b)(2)(A). |
|
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(2)
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Facilities seeking exemption under subsections (c)(1) or (c)(2) or (c)(3) shall maintain for two years
a record of the amount and type of metal processed in those furnaces including results of analyses as required
to support exemption under subsection (c)(2). These records shall be made available to a representative
of the district upon request. |
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(f)
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Applicable Material Testing Methods
One of the following methods or an alternate method deemed acceptable by the district Air Pollution Control
Officer or Executive Officer and by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board shall be used.
Sampling for these methods shall comply with ASTM E 88-58 (1986), "Standard Practice for Sampling Nonferrous
Metals and Alloys in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition." |
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(1)
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To determine the composition of alloys defined in section (a)(1) and to determine the cadmium content of aluminum
alloys to evaluate eligibility for exemption under section (c)(2) one of the following shall be used:
|
(A)
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ASTM E 227-67 (1982), "Standard Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Aluminum
and Aluminum Alloys by the Point-to-Plane Technique;" |
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(B)
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ASTM E 607-90, "Standard Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Aluminum
and Aluminum Alloys by the Point-to-Plane Technique, Nitrogen Atmosphere;" or |
|
(C)
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ASTM E 1251-88, "Standard Test Method for Optical Emission Spectrometric Analysis of Aluminum
and Aluminum Alloys by the Argon Atmosphere, Point-to-Plane, Unipolar Self-Initiating
Capacitor Discharge." |
|
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(2)
|
To determine alloy composition as defined in subsections (a)(13) and (a)(22), ASTM E 117-64 (1985),
"Standard Method for Spectrographic Analysis of Pig Lead by the Point-to-Plane Technique" shall
be used. |
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(3)
|
To determine alloy composition as defined in section (a)(25), ASTM E 46-87, "Test Method for
Chemical Analysis of Lead- and Tin-Base Solder" shall be used. |
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(4)
|
To determine cadmium concentration in zinc and zinc alloys to evaluate eligibility for exemption under section (c)(2),
ASTM E 536-84 (1988), "Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Zinc and Zinc Alloys"
shall be used. |
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(5)
|
To determine cadmium concentration in copper and copper-based alloys to evaluate eligibility for exemption
under section (c)(2), ASTM E 53-86a, "Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper"
shall be used. |
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(6)
|
To determine arsenic concentration in copper or copper-based alloys to evaluate eligibility for exemption
under section (c)(2), ASTM E 62-89, "Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Copper and
Copper Alloys" shall be used. |
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(7)
|
To determine arsenic content in aluminum or zinc (or any other alloy in which determination of arsenic
by spectrochemical methods is compromised by interference) to evaluate eligibility for exemption under
section (c)(2), EPA Method 7061 (Revision 1, December 1987), "Arsenic (Atomic Absorption,
Gaseous Hydride)", published in U.S. EPA Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical and Chemical
Methods. First Update (3rd Edition), January 1988; EPA / 530 / SW-846.3-1; PB 89-14876,
shall be used in the following manner.
|
(A)
|
For aluminum alloys, sample digestion shall employ the hydroxide digestion technique given in appendix A to
this control measure. |
|
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(g)
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Alternative Compliance Option
A district may approve an alternative approach to compliance proposed by the facility operator, if the facility
operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the district Executive Officer or Air Pollution Control Officer that
the alternative is enforceable, achieves the same or better reductions in emissions and risk, and achieves
these reductions within the same time period as required by this airborne toxic control measure.
The alternative approach shall also be consistent with the federal Clean Air Act. The district shall revoke this
approval if the facility operator fails to adequately implement the alternative approach or the alternative approach
does not reduce emissions as required. The district shall notify the state board whenever it proposes to approve
an alternative approach to compliance to this airborne toxic control measure. |
