MOJAQMD RULE 1160 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
LAST REVISED 12/20/93
(Adopted: 12/20/93)
Rule 1160
Internal Combustion Engines
(A) General
(1) Purpose: The purpose of this rule is to establish
limits for emissions associated with emergency,
portable, standby, or stationary internal combustion
(IC) engines.
(2) Applicability: This rule is applicable to any
stationary internal combustion engine rated at 1000 or
more brake horsepower (bhp), when located within the
Federal Ozone Non-attainment Area and within the
District boundaries.
(B) Definitions
For the purposes of this rule, the following definitions
shall apply:
(1) "Aggregate Emissions": A facility-wide sum of actual
emissions, on an emissions category specific basis,
from engines subject to this rule operated at a single
facility. Such "aggregating" of emissions will include
all regulated emissions categories subject to this
rule.
(2) "Baseline Emission Rate": Emissions under normal
operating conditions, prior to control, determined by
an emissions compliance test conducted in accordance
with the requirements specified in Section (F). The
baseline emissions shall be adjusted to reflect any
operational limit or control equipment installed prior
to January 1, 1991.
(3) "Diesel-Cycle Engine": A two or four stroke
compression ignition engine that is operated on any
liquid or gaseous fuel, and with an exhaust stream
oxygen concentration of four percent by volume or
greater.
(4) "Emergency IC Engines": For purposes of this rule,
internal combustion engines used in driving electric
power generators during periods of loss of commercial
power at facilities normally serviced with commercial
power. These units are normally operated during periods
of compliance and operational preparedness testing (1
hr/wk) and during periods of actual power loss.
(5) "Emissions Compliance Test": An emissions compliance
test conducted in accordance with a District approved
test protocol pursuant to the District's Compliance
Test Procedural Manual.
(6) "Engine Rating": The output of an engine as determined
by the engine manufacturer and listed on the nameplate
of the unit, regardless of any derating.
(7) "Federal Ozone Non-attainment Area" That portion of
San Bernardino County that lies south and/or west of
the lines which begin at: (a) the San Bernardino -
Riverside County boundary, running north along the
range line common to Range 3 East and Range 2 East;
(b) then west along the township line common to
Township 2 North and Township 3 North; (c) then north
along the San Bernardino - Los Angeles County Boundary;
(d) then east along ;latitude 35 degrees, 10 minutes
north; (e) then south along longitude 115 degrees, 45
minutes west (see Map 1).
(8) "Lean-burn Engine": A spark-ignited engine that is
operated with any liquid or gaseous fuel and with an
exhaust stream oxygen concentration of four percent by
volume, or greater.
(9) "Portable Engines": Engines which are operated at one
site, but not permanently affixed to only one location.
Portable equipment includes I.C. engines which are
transportable and may be mounted on mobile sources,
trailers, skids, or other platforms.
(10) "Reactive Organic Compounds (ROC)" - Are any volatile
compounds containing at least one atom of carbon,
except for the following exempt compounds:
methane,
carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide,
carbonic acid,
metallic carbides or carbonates,
ammonium carbonate,
1,1,1-trichloroethane,
methylene chloride,
trifluoromethane (FC-23),
trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113),
dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12),
trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11),
chlorodifluoromethane (CFC-22),
dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114),
chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115)
pentafluoroethane (HFC-125),
tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134 and 134a),
dichlorofluoroethane (HCFC-141b),
chlorodifluoroethane (HCFC-142b),
trifluoroethane (HFC-143a),
difluoroethane (HFC-152a),
and the following four classes of perfluorocarbon (PFC)
compounds:
(a) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely
fluorinated alkanes;
(b) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely
fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations;
(c) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely
fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturations;
and
(d) Saturated perfluorocarbons containing sulfur with
sulfur bonds only to carbon and fluorine.
(11) "Rich-burn Engine": A spark ignited engine that is
operated with any liquid or gaseous fuel, and with a
exhaust stream oxygen concentration of less than four
percent by volume.
(12) "Standby Engine": Any internal combustion engine which
operates as a mechanical or electrical power source as
a temporary replacement for a primary power source
during periods of fuel/energy shortage or while the
primary power source is undergoing maintenance or
repairs.
(13) "Stationary Internal Combustion Engine": Any spark or
compression ignited reciprocating internal combustion
engine that is attached to a foundation at a location,
or is portable and operated at a location for more than
90 days in any consecutive twelve month period,
excluding engines used for self propulsion of a
vehicle.
(C) Requirements
(1) Compliance Schedule
(a) All internal combustion engines subject to this
rule shall achieve an overall 15 percent reduction
in their baseline emissions rate by January 1,
1995.
(b) All internal combustion engines subject to this
rule shall meet and be in full compliance with the
emissions requirements of subsections (C)(2) or
(C)(3) by January 1, 1998.
(2) Concentration Standards
Unless opting for the alternative NOx emissions
compliance strategy, on and after January 1, 1998,
engines subject to this rule shall not exceed the
following concentration standards:
(a) Rich-burn Engines:
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 50 ppmv*
Reactive Organic Compounds (ROC) 250 ppmv*
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 4500 ppmv*
(b) Lean-burn Engines:
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 140 ppmv*
Reactive Organic Compounds (ROC) 750 ppmv*
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 4500 ppmv*
(c) Diesel-cycle Engines:
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 700 ppmv*
Reactive Organic Compounds (ROC) 750 ppmv*
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 4500 ppmv*
* All ppmv limitations shall be referenced at 15
percent volume stack gas oxygen measured on a dry
basis and averaged over 15 consecutive minutes.
(3) Alternative Compliance Strategy - NOx Emissions Only
The ROC and CO standards continue to apply when this
alternative NOx emissions compliance strategy is
selected by the permittee in consultation with the
District. For NOx emissions only, the alternative
strategy is a specified minimum percent reduction in
emissions of NOx from the baseline emissions rate. On
and after January 1, 1998, engines subject to this
rule, opting for the alternative compliance strategy,
shall achieve at least the following minimum
reductions:
(a) Rich-burn Engines
not less than a 90 % reduction of NOx emissions
from the baseline rate
(b) Lean-burn Engines
not less than an 80 % reduction of NOx emissions
from the baseline rate
(c) Diesel-cycle Engines
not less than a 30 % reduction of NOx emissions
from the baseline rate
Following the baseline emission rate determination for
each engine subject to this rule, the choice of which
emission compliance standard shall apply, shall be made
on a case-by-case basis by the District in consultation
with the permittee. When such a determination is made,
the Authority To Construct/Permit To Operate (ATC/PTO)
shall thereafter contain specific enforceable operating
conditions which will ensure compliance with the
selected standard/limit.
The percent reduction as measured across the control
device or relative to the baseline emission rate of
each permit unit shall be determined on an emission
rate basis. A permittee may petition the District to
be allowed to "aggregate" the engine emissions
facility-wide by submitting an Emission Control &
Mitigation Plan. The District may approve the
facility's Emission Control & Mitigation Plan, pursuant
to subsection (C)(5), on a case-by-case basis.
(4) Demonstrated Engine Efficiency Alternative
For engines subject to this rule with a demonstrated
efficiency greater than 30%, the following procedure
may be used to determine the alternate allowable
emissions limit. Each emission limit expressed in
subsection (C)(2) may be multiplied by the engine
efficiency, (E), divided by the reference efficiency of
30 percent. Engine efficiency (E) shall be determined
using one of the following two methods, whichever is
lower:
(a) (3413 BTU/kW-Hr)(100)
E = -------------------------------------------
Actual Heat Rate at HHV of fuel (BTU/kW-Hr)
where the demonstrated percent efficiency (E)
applies to the engine only, without consideration
of any downstream energy recovery, is averaged
over 15 consecutive minutes and measured within 30
days of the first emissions compliance test. The
actual heat rate in Btu/kW-hr, which can be
converted to Btu/hp-hr by dividing by 1.34
according to the following formula, shall be
measured at peak load for each applicable engine.
(BTU/kwhr) = (BTU/bhp-hr)
----------
(1.34)
(b) E= (Mfg Rated Efficiency [Continuous] at LHV)(LHV)
-----------------------------------------------
(HHV)
Engine efficiency (E) shall not be less than 30
percent. An engine with less than a 30 percent
efficiency, shall be assigned an efficiency of 30
percent for the purpose of this rule.
(5) Emission Control & Mitigation Plan
The permittee may elect to petition the District for
the purpose of aggregating internal combustion engine
emissions in order to comply with emissions reduction
limitations under the percent reduction option in
subsection (C)(3). The operator of a facility subject
to the provisions of subsections (C)(1), (C)(2) or
(C)(4) of this rule shall, when selecting the emissions
aggregating approach to compliance, submit an Emission
Control and Mitigation Plan for the facility to the
District. The facility's Emission Control & Mitigation
Plan shall be submitted to the District not later than
January 1, 1995.
All affected internal combustion engines within the
facility shall be addressed within the Plan and each
engine shall be identified as to which option for
emissions compliance, i.e. the per engine ppmv limit,
the per engine adjusted ppmv limit, or the per engine %
reduction limit. The specific designation shall be
recorded onto the ATC/PTO along with any specific
operating limits or emissions limits pertaining to the
specific engine, as enforceable permit conditions.
The Plan shall be approved by the Air Pollution Control
Officer in writing. For new engines and modifications
to existing engines, the plan shall be submitted to and
approved by the District prior to issuance of the
ATC/PTO. The owner/operator may petition in writing
for a change to the plan at any time.
The Plan shall include the following:
(a) The manufacturer, model number, unit
identification (e.g. serial) number, rated
horsepower, and combustion method (i.e., rich-burn
or lean-burn or diesel) of each engine and the
fuel type.
(b) A description of the NOx control system installed
on the engine (if any), including unit
identification (e.g. serial) number, type (e.g.,
nonselective catalyst, "clean-burn" combustion,
etc.) and manufacturer, as well as a description
of any ancillary equipment related to the control
of emissions (e.g., automatic air/fuel ratio
controller, fuel valves, etc.). The operator
shall notify the District of any replacement of
such device(s) and the new serial or
identification numbers.
(c) The facility, company, Permit to Operate numbers
and the location of the engine by a schematic of
the affected facilities.
(d) A specific emission inspection procedure for each
engine to ensure that the engine is operated in
strict accordance with the manufacturer's
specifications and in continual compliance with
the provisions of this rule.
(e) The procedure shall include an operator's
inspection schedule.
(D) Exemptions
The provisions of this rule shall not apply to the
operation of internal combustion engines used under the
following conditions:
(1) All internal combustion engines rated at less than
1,000 brake-horsepower.
(2) Engines operated within the District for less than 100
hours within any continuous four consecutive calendar
quarter period.
(3) Emergency pumping (fire fighting, sewage pumping, flood
relief).
(4) Emergency IC engines.
Any facility claiming any of the above exemptions shall
maintain records in the manner prescribed by the APCO
to provide documentation for compliance determination.
(E) Monitoring and Records
(1) Monitoring
(a) Operator's of internal combustion engines subject
to this rule shall conduct their inspections,
which ever is the more frequent of, at least
every calendar quarter or after every 2,000 hours
of engine operation . In no event shall the
frequency of inspection be less than once per
year.
(b) Compliance shall be verified at least once in
every 12 months, unless otherwise specified by
the District, by an emissions compliance test. At
a minimum, emissions compliance testing shall be
conducted for NOx, ROC, CO and O2 levels in
conformity with the provisions of the District's
Compliance Test Procedural Manual.
(2) Recordkeeping Requirements
The operator of any engine subject to the provisions of
Section (C) of this rule shall maintain a log for each
engine containing, at a minimum, the following data:
(a) District ATC/PTO number, unit identification
number and NOx control device identification
number, when applicable.
(b) Quarterly fuel use and quarterly hours of
operation, on a calendar quarter basis.
(c) The date and a summary of any emissions corrective
maintenance taken.
(d) Any additional information required in the
facility's District approved Emission Control &
Mitigation Plan, when applicable.
The operator shall maintain the logs on site for a
period of 2 years after the date of each entry. The
log shall be provided to the District upon request.
(F) Test Methods
(1) Oxides of nitrogen emissions for compliance tests shall
be determined by EPA Method 7E.
(2) Carbon monoxide emissions for compliance tests shall be
determined by using EPA Method 10.
(3) The measurement of ROC emissions subject to Section (E)
of this rule shall be conducted in accordance with EPA
Methods 18, 25 and/or 25A (40 CFR 60, Appendix A) as
they exist on (date of adoption) and test procedures
should be performed in accordance with a protocol
approved by the APCO.
(4) Oxygen content for compliance tests shall be determined
by using EPA Method 3A.