MOJAVE DESERT AIR QUALITY
MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
RULE 1116
AUTOMOTIVE REFINISHING OPERATIONS
(Adopted: March 2, 1992; Amended: June 22, 1994; Amended: February
22, 1995)
(A) General
-
Purpose
(a) The purpose of this Rule is to limit the emission of volatile organic
compounds from the finishing or refinishing of motor vehicles, mobile equipment
and their parts and components.
-
Applicability
(a) This rule applies to any facility engaged in the assembly of or
refinishing of Group I (buses and mobile equipment) and Group II (passenger
cars, large/heavy duty truck cabs and chassis, light and medium duty trucks
and vans, and motorcycles) vehicles, when the process(es) utilize any of
the products specified in subsection (C)(1)(a) of this rule.
(B) Definitions
For the purposes of this rule, the following definitions apply:
-
"Additive": Any substance added in small quantities to another substance
in order to increase volume and/or change the physical properties of the
mixture.
-
"Anti-glare/Safety Coating": A coating which does not reflect light.
-
"Catalyst": A substance whose presence initiates/enhances the reaction
between chemical compounds.
-
"Coating": Any material which is applied to a surface and which
forms a film in order to beautify and/or protect such surface.
-
"Color Match": The ability of a repair coating to blend into an
existing coating so that color difference is not visibly detectable.
-
"Electrostatic Application": The application of charged atomized
paint droplets which are deposited by electrostatic attraction.
-
"Extreme Performance Coating": Any coating used on the surface of
a Group I vehicle, mobile equipment or their parts or components which
during intended use is exposed to any of the following conditions:
(a) Industrial grade detergents, cleaners, or abrasive scouring agents.
(b) Extreme environmental conditions as determined by the Air Pollution
Control Officer during the vehicle's principal use.
(c) Chronic exposure to corrosive, caustic or acidic agents, chemicals,
chemical fumes, chemical mixtures or solution.
(d) Repeated exposure to temperatures in excess of 250 oF.
(e) Repeated heavy abrasion, including mechanical wear and repeated
scrubbing with industrial grade solvents, cleaners or scouring agents.
-
"Final Stage Manufacture": Where an incomplete vehicle chassis is
delivered to a manufacturer for installation of a truck body and/or components
to form a completed vehicle.
-
"Finish": The coating of incomplete vehicles, their parts and components,
or mobile equipment for which the original coating was not applied from
an Original Equipment manufacturer (OEM) plant coating assembly line.
-
"Grams of VOC per Liter of Coating Less Water and Less Exempt Compounds":
The weight of VOC per combined volume of VOC and coating solids is calculated
by the following equation:
Where:
GVOC = Grams VOC/L of coating less water and exempt compounds
WS = weight of volatile compounds in grams
WW = weight of water in grams
WES = weight of exempt compounds in grams
VM = volume of material in liters
VW = volume of water in liters
VES = volume of exempt compounds in liters
-
"Graphic Design Application": The application of logos, letters,
numbers, and graphics to a painted surface, with or without the use of
a template.
-
"Group I Vehicles": Public transit buses and mobile equipment.
-
"Group II Vehicles and Equipment": Passenger cars, large/heavy duty
truck cabs and chassis, light and medium duty trucks and vans, and motorcycles.
-
"High-Volume, Low-Pressure (HVLP) Spray": A coating application
method using pressurized air at a permanent pressure of between 0.1 and
10.0 psig, not to exceed 10.0 psig, measured at the air cap of the coating
application system, and a permanent liquid coating pressure of not more
than 50.0 psig.
-
"Large/Heavy Duty Trucks": Any truck having a manufacturer's gross
vehicle weight rating of over 10,000 pounds.
-
"Light and Medium Duty Trucks and Vans": Any truck or van having
a manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less.
-
"Metallic Topcoat": Any coating which contains more than 5 g/L (.042
lb/gal) of metal particles, as applied, where such particles are visible
in the dried film.
-
"Mobile Equipment": Any equipment which may be drawn or is capable
of being driven on a roadway, including, but not limited to, truck bodies,
truck trailers, utility bodies, camper shells, mobile cranes, bulldozers,
street cleaners, golf carts, and implements of husbandry.
-
"Multi-Stage Topcoat System": A topcoat system composed of either
a basecoat/clearcoat, a basecoat/midcoat/clearcoat, or a groundcoat/basecoat/midcoat/clearcoat.
The VOC content of a multi-stage topcoat system shall be determined according
to the following formulas:
For a basecoat/clearcoat system:
For a 3 Stage coating system:
For a 4 Stage coating system:
Where:
VOCMS is the average of the VOC content, as applied,
and used to determine compliance with the standards in subsection (C)(1)(a)(i).
VOCgc is the VOC content, as applied, of a pigmented
groundcoat or tinted primer sealer.
VOCbc is the VOC content, as applied, of a pigmented
basecoat.
VOCmc is the VOC content, as applied, of a translucent
midcoat.
2VOCcc is two times the VOC content, as applied, of
a transparent clearcoat.
-
"Precoat": Any coating which is applied to bare metal primarily
to deactivate the metal surface for corrosion resistance to a subsequent
water-base primer.
-
"Pretreatment Wash Primer": Any coating which contains a minimum
of 0.5 percent acid by weight, is necessary to provide surface etching
and is applied directly to bare metal surfaces to provide corrosion resistance
and adhesion.
-
"Primer": Any coating applied prior to the application of a topcoat
for the purpose of corrosion resistance and adhesion of the topcoat.
-
"Primer Sealer": Any coating applied prior to the application of
a topcoat for the purpose of corrosion resistance, adhesion of the topcoat,
color uniformity, and to promote the ability of an undercoat to resist
penetration by the topcoat.
-
"Primer Surfacer": Any coating applied prior to the application
of a topcoat for the purpose of corrosion resistance, adhesion of the topcoat,
and which promotes a uniform surface by filling in surface imperfections.
-
"Reducer": The solvent used to thin enamel.
-
"Refinishing": Any coating of vehicles, their parts and components,
or mobile equipment, including partial body collision repairs, for the
purpose of protection or beautification and which is subsequent to the
original coating applied at an Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) plant
coating assembly line.
-
"Specialty Coatings": Coatings which are necessary due to unusual
job performance requirements. Said coatings include, but are not limited
to, adhesion promoters, uniform finish blenders, elastomeric materials,
gloss flatteners, bright metal trim repair, and anti-glare/safety coatings.
-
"Spot/Panel Repair": The non-assembly line process of repairing
and restoring a portion of motor vehicle to pre-damaged condition.
-
"Surface Preparation Solvent": Any solvent used primarily for the
conditioning of a surface to receive a coating.
-
"Topcoat": Any coating applied over a primer, primer system or an
original OEM finish for the purpose of protection or appearance. For the
purposes of this rule, multi-stagecoating systems shall be considered topcoats.
-
"Touch-up Coating": A coating applied by brush or hand held, non-refillable
aerosol cans to repair minor surface damage and imperfections.
-
"Transfer Efficiency": The ratio of coating solids adhering to the
object being coated to the total amount of coating solids used in the application
process, expressed as a percentage.
-
"Volatile Organic Compound": Any compound containing at least one
atom of carbon, except for the following compounds and solvents:
methane,
carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide,
carbonic acid,
metallic carbides or carbonates,
ammonium carbonate,
1,1,1-trichloroethane,
methylene chloride,
trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11),
dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12),
chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22),
trifluoromethane (HFC-23),
1,1,1- trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113),
1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane (CFC-114),
chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115),
2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123),
2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC 124),
pentafluoroethane (HFC-125),
1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134),
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a),
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b),
1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b),
1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a),
1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a),
and the following four classes of perfluorocarbon (PFC) compounds:
(i) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated alkanes,
(ii) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with
no unsaturations,
(iii) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines
with no unsaturations, and
(iv) saturated perfluorocarbons containing sulfur with sulfur bonds
only to carbon and fluorine.
(C) Standards
-
Limits
(a) Effective on the dates specified, any person who applies coatings
to Group I or II vehicles, mobile equipment, their parts and components,
shall comply with subsections (i) or (ii) below:
(i) Group I Vehicles and Mobile Equipment
-
Any person shall not finish or refinish Group I vehicles and equipment
or their parts and components where color match is not required, using
any coating with a VOC content in excess of the following limits, expressed
as grams of VOC per liter (or pounds per gallon) of coating, as applied,
excluding water and exempt solvents, unless emissions of VOC to the atmosphere
are controlled by air pollution abatement equipment with combined Capture
Efficiency and Control Efficiency of the abatement device of at least 85
percent, and which as been approved in writing by the Air Pollution Control
Officer:
|
September 1, 1992
VOC Limits |
February 22, 1995
VOC Limits |
July 1, 1997
VOC Limits |
Pretreatment Wash Primer |
780 g/L (6.5 lbs/gal) |
780 g/L (6.5 lbs/gal) |
780 g/L (6.5 lbs/gal) |
Precoat |
780 g/L (6.5 lbs/gal) |
|
|
Primer |
340 g/L (2.8 lbs/gal) |
250 g/L (2.1 lbs/gal) |
250 g/L (2.1 lbs/gal) |
Primer Sealer |
340 g/L (2.8 lbs/gal) |
340 g/L (2.8 lbs/gal) |
250 g/L (2.1 lbs/gal) |
Topcoat |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
340 g/L (2.8 lbs/gal) |
Metallic Topcoat |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
Extreme Performance |
750 g/L (6.2 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
* On and after February 22, 1995, the "precoat"
category shall be deemed eliminated from the rule.
(ii) Group II Vehicles
-
Any person shall not refinish Group II vehicles, their parts and components,
or Group I vehicles and mobile equipment where color match is required,
using any coating with a VOC content in excess of the following limits,
expressed as grams of VOC per liter (or pounds per gallon) of coating as
applied, excluding water and exempt solvents, unless emissions of VOC to
the atmosphere are controlled by air pollution abatement equipment with
a combined Capture Efficiency and Control Efficiency of the abatement device
efficiency of at least 85 percent, and which has been approved in writing
by the Air Pollution Control Officer:
|
September 1, 1992
VOC Limits |
February 22, 1995
VOC Limits |
July 1, 1997
VOC Limits |
Pretreatment Wash Primer |
780 g/L (6.5 lbs/gal) |
780 g/L (6.5 lbs/gal) |
780 g/L (6.5 lbs/gal) |
Precoat |
780 g/L (6.5 lbs/gal) |
|
|
Primer/Primer Surfacer |
340 g/L (2.8 lbs/gal) |
250 g/L (2.1 lbs/gal) |
250 g/L (2.1 lbs/gal) |
Primer Sealer |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
340 g/L (2.8 lbs/gal) |
Topcoat |
600 g/L (5.0 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
Metallic Topcoat |
600 g/L (5.0 lbs/gal) |
520 g/L (4.3 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
Multi-Stage Topcoat System |
540 g/L (4.5 lbs/gal) |
540 g/L (4.5 lbs/gal) |
420 g/L (3.5 lbs/gal) |
* On and after February 22, 1995, the "precoat"
category shall be deemed eliminated from the rule.
-
Transfer Efficiency
(a) For all coatings, any person shall not apply any coating to any
Group I or II vehicles or mobile equipment or their parts and components
unless one of the following methods is used:
(i) Electrostatic application equipment, operated in accordance with
the manufacturer's recommendations;
(ii) High Volume Low Pressure (HVLP) spray equipment, operated in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations;
(iii) Any other coating application which has been demonstrated to the
satisfaction of the Air Pollution Control Officer to be capable of achieving
at least 65 percent transfer efficiency, as per section (G)(2)(c), and
for which written approval of the Air Pollution Control Officer has been
obtained.
-
Prohibition of Specification
(a) No person shall solicit or require for use or specify the application
of a coating on a Group I or II vehicle, mobile equipment, or part or component
thereof if such use or application results in a violation of the provisions
of this Rule. The prohibition of this Section shall apply to all written
or oral contracts under the terms of which any coating which is subject
to the provisions of this rule is to be applied to any motor vehicle, mobile
equipment, or part or component at any physical location within the District.
-
Prohibition of Sale
(a) On or after February 22, 1995, a person shall not offer for sale
or sell within the District any coating that does not meet the VOC content
limits which become effective on February 22, 1995, as set forth in subsection
(C)(1)(a) of this rule. The prohibition of this section shall apply to
the sale of any coating which will be applied at any physical location
within the District.
-
Compliance Statement Requirement
(a) The manufacturer of coatings subject to this rule shall include
a designation of VOC as supplied on data sheets; including coating components,
expressed in grams per liter or pounds per gallon, excluding water and
exempt solvents.
-
Surface Preparation and Cleanup Solvent
(a) The requirements of this Section shall apply to any person using
solvent for surface preparation and cleanup.
(i) Any person shall not use an organic compound(s), or mixture thereof,
(excluding exempt compounds) for surface preparation with a VOC content
in excess of 200 grams per liter (1.67 pounds per gallon) of material,
as applied.
(ii) Any person shall use closed, non-absorbent containers for the storage
or disposal of any applicator (including brushes, swabs, cloth or paper)
used for solvent surface preparation and cleanup.
(iii) Any person shall store fresh or spent solvent in closed containers.
(iv) Any person shall not use organic compounds for the cleanup of spray
equipment including paint lines unless an enclosed system is used for cleanup.
The system shall enclose spray guns, cups, nozzles, bowls, and other parts
during washing, rinsing and draining procedures. Equipment used shall minimize
the evaporation of organic compounds to the atmosphere.
-
Specialty Coatings
(a) Any person shall not use any specialty coating with a VOC content,
as applied, in excess of 840 g/L (7.0 lb/gal), excluding water and exempt
solvents. Use of all specialty coatings except anti-glare/safety coatings
shall not exceed 5.0 percent of all coatings applied, averaged on a monthly
basis. The application of topcoats with a specialty coatings used as an
additive shall be subject to the topcoat limits in subsections (C)(1)(a)(i)
or (C)(1)(a)(ii)
-
Extreme Performance Coating Requirement
(a) Any person seeking to use an extreme performance coating in any
coating operation which is subject to this rule shall comply with the requirements
of subsection (E)(1)(a).
(D) Exemptions
-
The provisions of this Rule shall not apply to:
(a) A facility which uses a total of less than one (1) gallon of coating,
including any VOC-containing materials added to the original coating as
supplied by the manufacturer, subject to this Rule, in any one day; or
(b) Surface coating operations that emit not more than 3 pounds of VOCs
per day and not more than 200 pounds of VOCs per calendar year.
-
The July 1, 1997 limits which are set forth in subsections (C)(1)(a)(i)
and (C)(1)(a)(ii) shall not apply to:
(a) automotive refinishing operations which emit not more than 3 pounds
of VOC per hour, before add-on controls; or
(b) automotive refinishing operations which emit not more than 15 pounds
of VOC per day, before add-on controls; or
(c) facilities that do not exceed 10 tons per year theoretical potential
emissions. "Theoretical potential emissions" is defined as the greater
of design capacity, or maximum production (based on 8760 hours/year) before
add-on controls.
-
For the purposes of claiming an exemption pursuant to subsections (D)(2)(a)
or (D)(2)(b), hourly or daily emissions shall be considered from January
1, 1997 forward.
-
Once a facility exceeds 3 pounds of VOC per hour, or 15 pounds of VOC per
day, respectively, it will become and remain subject to the July 1, 1997
limits even if its emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.
-
Any facility or person classified as exempt or claiming to be exempt under
this section (D), shall meet the record keeping requirements of this rule
so as to be able to prove the exemption status.
(E) Administrative Requirements
-
Extreme Performance Coating Petition
(a) Any person seeking to use an extreme performance coating in any
coating operation which is subject to the provisions of this rule shall
comply with the following requirements:
(i) A petition shall be submitted to the Air Pollution Control Officer
stating the performance requirements, volume of coating, and VOC level
which is attainable. The petitioner must also, in a written statement,
certify that after reasonable inquiry, to their knowledge, no other coating(s)
are available which will meet the requirements of subsection (C)(1)(a)
of this rule and of the specified performance requirements for a specific
contract.
(ii) If the Air Pollution Control Officer grants written approval, such
petition will be repeated on an annual basis.
(iii) If the Air Pollution Control Officer grants written approval,
such approval shall contain volume and VOC limit conditions.
(iv) Records must be maintained as in Section (F)(1).
-
Rule 442 Applicability
(a) Any coating, coating operation, or facility which is subject to
this rule shall comply with the provisions of Rule 442 until such time
as compliance with the limits specified in this rule are achieved. Any
coating, coating operation, or facility which is exempt from all or a portion
of the VOC limits of this rule shall comply with the provisions of Rule
442.
(F) Monitoring and Records
-
All persons subject to this rule and any person claiming any exemption
under subsection (D)(1) shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Maintain and have available during an inspection, a current list
of coatings in use which provides all of the coating data necessary to
evaluate compliance, including the following information separately for
both Group I and Group II vehicles, as applicable:
(i) additive, coating, catalyst, and reducer used.
(ii) mix ratio of components used.
(iii) VOC content of coating as applied.
(b) Maintain records on a daily basis including:
(i) coating and mix ratio of components used in the coating; and
(ii) quantity of each coating applied.
(iii) any person/facility utilizing an add-on emission control device/system
as a means of complying with provisions of this rule shall also maintain
records of key system operating and maintenance data for the purpose of
demonstrating continuous compliance during periods of emission producing
activities. The data shall be recorded in a manner as prescribed by the
District.
(c) The person shall maintain records on a monthly basis showing the type
and amount of solvent used for cleanup and surface preparation.
(d) Such records shall be retained and available for inspection by the
Air Pollution Control Officer for the previous 24 month period.
(G) Test Methods
-
A violation of the limits contained in this rule as determined by any one
of these test methods shall constitute a violation of this rule.
-
The following specified test methods shall be used to determine compliance
with the provisions of this rule.
(a) Analysis of Samples - VOC Determination
(i) Samples of volatile organic compounds (less exempt compounds) as
specified in Sections (C)(1)(a)(i) to (C)(1)(a)(ii) shall be analyzed as
prescribed by EPA Reference Method 24 for VOC content (without correction
for exempt compounds) and ASTM Test Method D4457-85, or ARB Method 432
for determination of emissions of exempt compounds. Perfluorocarbon compounds
shall be assumed to be absent from a product or process unless a manufacturer
or facility operator identifies the specific individual compounds (from
the broad classes of perfluorocarbon compounds) and the amounts present
in the product or process and provides a validated test method which can
be used to quantify the specific compounds.
(b) Determination of Emissions
(i) Emissions of volatile organic compounds as specified in Sections
(C)(1)(a)(i) or (C)(1)(a)(ii) shall be measured as prescribed by EPA Reference
Method 25 for determining VOC emissions and control device efficiency,
in combination with the methods prescribed in the Federal Register (55
FR 26865 of June 29, 1990) for determination of capture efficiency.
(c) Determination of Transfer Efficiency
(i) Transfer efficiency as required by Section (C)(2)(a)(iii) shall
be determined by procedures as prescribed in the SCAQMD document "South
Coast Air Quality management District Spray Equipment Transfer Efficiency
Test Procedure for Equipment User, May 24, 1989".
(d) Determination Of Percentage of Metal in Metallic Coatings
(i) Determinations shall be made using SCAQMD Method 311-91, "Determination
of Percent Metal in Metallic Coatings by Spectrographic Method", as found
in the SCAQMD document Laboratory Methods Of Analysis For Enforcement
Samples, the June 1991 edition.
(e) Acidity in Volatile Solvents and in Coating Compounds
(i) Determinations of acid strength shall be made using ASTM Test Method
D1613-85.
(f) Determination of Exempt Compounds Content
(i) Determination of the Content of Exempt Compounds in coatings or
solvents or any diluents shall be by ASTM Test Method D4457-85.