SCAQMD RULE 1134 EMISSIONS OF NOX FROM STAT. GAS TURBINES LAST REVISED 08/04/89 (Adopted August 4, 1989) RULE 1134. EMISSIONS OF OXIDES OF NITROGEN FROM STATIONARY GAS TURBINES (a) Applicability The provisions of this rule shall apply to all existing stationary gas turbines, 0.3 megawatt (MW) and larger, as of August 4, 1989. (b) Definitions (1) A CHEMICAL PROCESSING GAS TURBINE UNIT is a gas turbine that vents its exhaust gases into the operating stream of a chemical process. (2) A COGENERATION CYCLE UNIT operates both for the simultaneous production of shaft work and for the recovery of useful thermal energy from the exhaust gases or waste steam as defined by Section 25134 of the California Public Resources Code. (3) A COMBINED CYCLE UNIT is operated both for the production of electrical energy from shaft work and the useful energy produced from heat recovered from its exhaust gases. (4) AN EMERGENCY STANDBY UNIT operates only as a mechanical or electrical power source for a facility when the primary power source has been rendered inoperable, except due to power interruption pursuant to an interruptible power supply agreement. This does not include utility company electrical power plant units. (5) EXHAUST AFTER TREATMENT means a control method for the post-combustion reduction of NOx emissions, such as selective catalytic reduction. (6) AN EXISTING UNIT is a stationary gas turbine that prior to August 4, 1989 meets the following criteria: (A) Has been issued a valid permit to construct or operate by the District, or (B) Is in operation pursuant to the provisions of District Rule 219(b)(1). (7) HHV - HIGHER HEATING VALUE OF FUEL. (8) LHV - LOWER HEATING VALUE OF FUEL. (9) THE MEASURED NOx EMISSIONS CONCENTRATION corrected to International Standards Organization (ISO) standard conditions is: NOx = (NOx obs)(Pref/Pobs) 0.5 POWER (288K/Tamb) 1.53 POWER (e19 (Hobs - 0.00633)) Where: NOx = emissions of NOx at 15 percent oxygen and ISO standard conditions on a dry basis, ppm. NOx obs = measured NOx emissions at 15 percent oxygen on a dry basis, ppm. Pref = reference ambient absolute pressure, 101.3 kilopascals (14.696 psia). Pobs = measured ambient absolute pressure. Hobs = measured absolute specific humidity of ambient air, pounds water per pound dry air. e = transcendental constant (2.718). Tamb = measured temperature of ambient air, degrees K. (10) A PEAKING UNIT is used intermittently to produce energy on a demand basis. (11) POWER AUGMENTATION is the increase in the gas turbine shaft output and/or the decrease in gas turbine fuel consumption by the addition of energy recovered from exhaust heat. (12) THE RATING OF A UNIT is the continuous MW (megawatt) rating or mechanical equivalent by a manufacturer for gas turbine(s) without power augmentation. (13) A STATIONARY GAS TURBINE (UNIT) is any gas turbine system that is gas and/or liquid fueled with or without power augmentation. This unit is either attached to a foundation at a facility or is portable equipment operated at a specific facility for more than 90 days in any 12-month period. Two or more gas turbines powering one shaft shall be treated as one unit. (14) THERMAL STABILIZATION PERIOD is the two-hour start up time necessary to build-up steam pressure for NOx control purposes in cogeneration cycle and combined cycle units. (c) Emissions Limitations (1) The owner or operator of any stationary gas turbine unit shall not operate such unit under load conditions, excluding the thermal stabilization period or other time period specified in the Permit to Construct or the Permit to Operate issued prior to August 4, 1989, which result in the discharge of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions, directly or indirectly, into the atmosphere at concentrations corrected for ISO standard conditions in excess of the following: Compliance Limit = Reference Limit x EFF --- 25% Where: Compliance Limit = allowable NOx emissions (ppm by volume). Reference Limit = the NOx emission limit (ppm by volume) is calculated at ISO standard conditions, corrected to 15 percent oxygen on a dry basis, and averaged over 15 consecutive minutes. These limits for various megawatt ratings (continuous rating by the manu- facturer without power augmentation) are as follows: REFERENCE NOx LIMITS, PPM Unit Size Effective Megawatt 12-31-95 Rating (MW) ------------ ---------- 0.3 to Less Than 2.9 MW 25 2.9 to Less Than 10.0 MW 9 2.9 to Less Than 10.0 MW No SCR 15 10.0 MW and Over 9 10.0 MW and Over No SCR 12 60 MW and Over Combined Cycle No SCR 15 60 MW and Over Combined Cycle 9 And, EFF = 3413 x 100% ------------------------------------------- Actual Heat Rate at HHV of Fuel (BTU/KW-HR) or EFF = (Manufacturer's Rated Efficiency at LHV) xLHV --- HHV EFF = the demonstrated percent efficiency of the gas turbine only as calculated without consideration of any downstream energy recovery from the actual heat rate, (BTU/KW-HR) or 1.34 (BTU/HP-HR); corrected to the HHV (higher heating value) of the fuel and ISO conditions, as measured at peak load for that facility; or the manufacturer's continuous rated percent efficiency (manufacturer's rated efficiency) of the gas turbine after correction from LHV (lower heating value) to the HHV of the fuel, whichever efficiency is higher. The value of EFF shall not be less than 25 percent. Gas turbines with lower efficiencies will be assigned a 25 percent efficiency for this calculation. (2) The owner or operator of any existing gas turbine subject to this rule shall also be subject to Regulation XIII if carbon monoxide emissions increase as a result of the application of NOx controls. (d) Compliance Schedule Owners or operators of all existing gas turbine units shall comply with the provisions of section (c) in accordance with the following schedule: (1) For units 0.3 to less than 2.9 MW. (A) By December 31, 1993 submit to the Executive Officer for approval an emission control plan of actions and alternatives which will be taken to demonstrate compliance. (B) Demonstrate final compliance with the 25 ppm reference limit by December 31, 1995. (2) For units 2.9 to less than 10.0 MW. (A) By December 31, 1993 elect reference emission limit and submit to the Executive Officer for approval an emission control plan of actions and alternatives which will be taken to demonstrate compliance with this limit. (B) Demonstrate final compliance with the elected reference emission limit by December 31, 1995. (C) If compliance with the elected 15 ppm reference emission limit is not demonstrated by December 31, 1995, the reference emission limit shall be 9 ppm. (3) For units 10.0 MW and over. (A) The owners or operators of the following units or equivalent gas turbines units as approved by the Executive Officer shall install steam injection on the specified units demonstrating compliance with a reference limit of 15 ppm NOx at 15 percent O2. (i) By December 31, 1989, submit an Emission Control Plan and a permit to construct for a GE LM-5000 to demonstrate compliance by December 31, 1990. (ii) By December 31, 1989, submit an Emission Control Plan and a permit to construct for a GE LM-2500 to demonstrate compliance by December 30, 1991. (B) By December 31, 1992, submit to the Executive Officer for approval an Emission Control Plan of actions and alternatives which will be taken to demonstrate compliance. (C) Demonstrate final compliance with the appropriate emission limit in section (c)(1) by December 31, 1995. (D) If compliance with the elected 12 ppm reference emission limit is not demonstrated by December 31, 1995 the reference emission limit shall be 9 ppm. (E) If there is a failure to comply with any of the increments of progress specified in subsections (d)(3)(A)(i) or (d)(3)(A)(ii), the final reference NOx limit for all 10 MW and greater units shall be a reference limit of 9 ppm. (i) By August 1, 1992, the owners or operators of all 10 MW and greater units shall submit to the Executive Officer for approval Emission Control Plans. (ii) The final compliance date for all 10 MW and greater units with the reference 9 ppm NOx limit shall be August 1, 1993. (F) Any unit which demonstrates early compliance with the specific final reference limit specified in subsection (c)(1) by February 1, 1992 shall remain subject to such reference limit and shall not be subject to any changed reference limit set forth in subsection (d)(3). (G) In order to encourage the efficient production of electrical energy and the conservation of natural resources, any turbine that is operated to support the recycling and remanufacturing of paper products and that is at least fifteen years old on August 4, 1989 may comply with the following schedule. By December 31, 1993: (i) submit a plan to the Executive Officer for approval that commits to repowering or replacement of its existing unit by December 31, 1999 with a unit that is more energy efficient than the current unit and satisfies the BACT requirements of Regulation XIII at the time of permit application, or (ii) submit a permit to construct for modifications of the existing unit to comply by December 31, 1995 with the final reference limit specified in subsection (c)(1). (4) For units 60 MW and over combined cycle. (A) By December 31, 1992 elect reference emission limit and submit to the Executive Officer for approval an emission control plan of actions and alternatives which will be taken to demonstrate compliance with this limit. (B) Demonstrate final compliance with the elected reference limit by December 31, 1995. (C) If compliance with the elected 15 ppm reference emission limit is not demonstrated by December 31, 1995 the reference emission limit shall be 9 ppm. (e) Emission Control Plan The owner or operator of any existing stationary gas turbine shall submit to the Executive Officer for approval an Emissions Control Plan of all actions and alternatives, including a schedule of increments of progress, which will be taken to meet or exceed requirements of the applicable emissions limitations in section (c) and compliance schedule in section (d). (1) Such plan shall contain at a minimum a list that provides the following for each gas turbine: (A) SCAQMD permit or identification number, (B) name of gas turbine manufacturer, (C) model designation, (D) rated brake horsepower, (E) heat rate (BTU/KW-HR), corrected to the HHV for each type of fueling (liquid/gas), (F) type of liquid fuel and/or type of gaseous fuel, (G) hours of operation in the previous one-year period, and (H) fuel consumption (cubic feet of gas or gallons of liquid) for the previous one- year period. (2) A list of all gas turbines required to be controlled identifying the type of emission control to be applied to such gas turbines along with documentation showing existing emissions of oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide. (3) Support documentation for any units exempt under the provisions of section (g). (f) Continuous Emissions Monitoring System The owner or operator of any stationary gas turbine subject to the provisions of this rule shall perform the following actions: (1) Install, operate, and maintain in calibration a continuous in-stack NOx monitoring system as approved by the Executive Officer to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits of this rule. This system shall include equipment that measures and records the following: (A) For Cogeneration and Combined Cycle Units 2.9 MW and over (continuous rating by the manufacturer without power augmentation), exhaust gas NOx concentrations corrected to ISO conditions at 15 percent oxygen on a dry basis at the time units that are subject to the applicable 9 ppm, 12 ppm, 15 ppm or 25 ppm reference NOx limit. (B) Flow rate of liquids or gases and the ratio of water or steam to fuel added to the combustion chamber or to the exhaust for the reduction of NOx emissions. (C) Elapsed time of operation. (2) The system shall have data gathering and retrieval capability as approved by the Executive Officer. Data shall be maintained for at least two years and made available for inspection by the Executive Officer. A monthly summary of emissions shall be submitted on or before the last day of the following calendar month in a manner approved by the Executive Officer. (3) Provide source test information regarding the exhaust gas NOx concentration at ISO conditions, and the demonstrated percent efficiency (EFF) of the turbine unit, and the carbon monoxide concentration (concentrations in ppm by volume, corrected to 15 percent oxygen on a dry basis). Units emitting 25 tons or more of NOx per calendar year shall be tested, at least once every 12 months. All other existing units shall be tested within 90 days after every 8,400 hours of operation. The results of source tests shall be submitted in a form and manner as specified by the Executive Officer within 30 days after testing is completed. (4) The owner or operator of any stationary gas turbine must maintain a gas turbine operating log that includes, on a daily basis, the actual Pacific Standard Time start-up and stop time, total hours of operation; type and quantity of fuel used (liquid/gas), cumulative hours of operation to date for the calendar year; and cumulative hours of operation since the last source test required by subsection (f)(3). This information shall be available for inspection at any time and submitted to the Executive Officer at the end of each calendar year in a manner and form approved by the Executive Officer. (g) Exemptions (1) Provisions of sections (c), (d), (e), and (f) shall not apply to: (A) Laboratory units used in research and testing. (B) Units operated exclusively for firefighting and/or flood control. (C) Chemical processing gas turbine units. (D) Emergency standby units demonstrated to operate less than 200 hours per calendar year. (2) Peaking Units (A) Provisions of sections (c), (d), (e), and (f) shall not apply to existing peaking units that operate less than 200 hours per calendar year. The operating time shall be recorded by instrumentation as approved by the Executive Officer. (B) The owner or operator of any stationary gas turbine exempt under subsection (g)(2) must notify the Executive Officer within 7 days if the hour-per-year limit is exceeded. If the hour-per-year limit is exceeded, the exemption shall be permanently withdrawn. Within 30 days after loss of the exemption, the owner or operator must submit a permit application detailing a plan to meet the applicable compliance limit within 24 months. Included with this permit application, the owner or operator must submit an emission control plan including a schedule of increments of progress for the installation of the required control equipment. This schedule shall be subject to the review and approval of the Executive Officer.