SLOAPCD RULE 423 MOTOR VEH. & MOBILE EQUIP. COATING OPS. LAST REVISED 06/22/93 RULE 423. MOTOR VEHICLE AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT COATING OPERATIONS (Adopted 2/23/88; Revised 9/4/90; 11/19/91; 2/9/93; 6/22/93) A. APPLICABILITY The provisions of this Rule apply to any person who supplies, sells, offers for sale, applies or specifies the use of coatings for motor vehicles, mobile equipment, and their parts or components. B. DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Rule the following definitions shall apply: 1. "Anti-Glare/Safety Coatings": A coating formulated to eliminate glare for safety purposes on interior surfaces of a vehicle and which shows a reflectance of 25 or less on a 60 degree meter. 2. "APCO": Air Pollution Control Officer. 3. "Basecoat/Clearcoat System": A topcoat system composed of a pigmented basecoat portion and two transparent clearcoat portions. Basecoat/clearcoat systems' ROG content shall be calculated according to the following formula: ROGbc + 2 ROGcc ROG Tbc/cc = ------------------ 3 Where: ROG Tbc/cc = the average of the sum of the ROG content as applied in the basecoat (bc) and clearcoat (cc) system ROGbc = the basecoat ROG content 2 ROGcc = two times the clearcoat ROG content 4. "Camouflage Coating": A coating used, principally by the military, to conceal equipment from detection. 5. "Catalyst": A substance whose presence initiates the reaction between chemical compounds. 6. "Coating": A liquid, liquefiable or mastic composition which is converted to a solid protective, decorative, or functional adherent film after application as a thin layer. 7. "Color Match": The ability of a coating to blend into an existing coating so that color difference is not visible. 8. "Controlled Area": A limited spraying area commonly used for noncontinuous "touch-up" operations, where coating applications do not exceed nine (9) square feet per vehicle. 9. "Electrophoretic Dip": A coating application method where the coating is applied by dipping the component into a coating bath and an electrical potential difference exists between the component and the bath. 10. "Electrostatic Application": A sufficient charging of atomized paint droplets to cause deposition principally by electrostatic attraction. This application shall be operated at a minimum of 60 KV power. 11. "Exempt Organic Compounds": Any of the following compounds: methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, ammonium carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), trifluoromethane (HFC-23), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-2-chloro-2,2- difluoroethane (CFC-114), chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115), 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC- 124), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1-dichloro-1- fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1- difluoroethane (HFC-152a), and the following four classes of perfluorocarbon (PFC) compounds: a) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated alkanes, b) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations, c) cyclic, branched, or linear, completely fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturations, and d) saturated perfluorocarbons containing sulfur with sulfur bonds only to carbon and fluorine. Perfluorocarbon compounds shall be assumed to be absent from a product or process unless a manufacturer or facility operator identifies the specific individual compounds and the amounts present in the product or process and identifies a validated test method which can be used to quantify the specific compounds. 12. "Extreme Performance Coating": Any coating used on the surface of a Group II vehicle, mobile equipment or their parts of components which during intended use is exposed to extreme environmental conditions during the device's principal use. 13. "Finishing": Any coating of incomplete vehicles, their parts and components, or mobile equipment for which the original coating was not applied at an Original Equipment Manufacturing plant coating assembly line. 14. "Grams of ROG per Liter of Coating Less Water and Less Exempt Organic Compounds": The weight of ROG per combined volume of ROG and coating solids, calculated by the following equation: Grams of ROG per Liter Ws - Ww - Wes of Coating less Water = ------------- and Less Exempt Organic Vm - Vw - Ves Where: Ws = Weight of volatile compounds (gram) Ww = Weight of water (grams) Wes = Weight of exempt organic compounds (grams) Vm = Volume of coating material (liters) Vw = Volume of water (liters) Ves = Volume of exempt organic compounds liters) 15. "Group I Vehicles": These include motorized vehicles, passenger cars, large/heavy duty truck cabs and chassis, light and medium duty trucks, vans, and motorcycles. 16. "Group II Vehicles/Equipment": These include public transit buses and mobile equipment. 17. "Gun Washer": Electrically or pneumatically operated system that is designed to clean spray application equipment while enclosed. A gun washer may also be considered a gun cleaning system that consists of spraying solvent into an enclosed container using a leak-free fitting. 18. "Hand Application Methods": The application of coatings by nonmechanical hand-held equipment including by not limited to paint brushes, hand rollers, caulking guns, trowels, spatulas, syringe daubers, rags, and sponges. 19. "High-Volume, Low-Pressure Application (HVLP)": Spray equipment which uses a high volume of air delivered at pressures between 0.1 and 10 psig and which operates at a maximum fluid delivery pressure of 100 psig. 20. "Lacquer": Any coating that dries primarily by solvent evaporation and is resoluble in its original solvent. 21. "Lacquer Spot/Panel Repair": The nonassembly line process of repairing and restoring a portion of a motor vehicle to predamaged condition using a lacquer coating. 22. "Large Production/Utility Bodies": The production of utility bodies at a rate greater than 20 vehicles per day. 23. "Low Emission Spray Gun Cleaner": Any properly used spray equipment clean-up device which has passive solvent losses of no more than 0.6 grams per hour and has active solvent losses of no more than 15 grams per operating cycle, as defined by the test method referenced in Subsection F.7. 24. "Metallic/Iridescent Topcoat": Any coating which contains more than 5 g/l (0.042 lb/gal) of iridescent particles composed of metal or metallic particles, such as mica or silicon, as applied, where such particles are visible in the dried film. 25. "Mobile Equipment": Any equipment which may be drawn or is capable of being driven on a roadway, including, but not limited to, truck bodies, truck trailers, camper shells, mobile cranes, bulldozers, construction and farm heavy equipment, concrete mixers, street cleaners, golf carts, all terrain vehicles, implements of husbandry, and hauling equipment used inside and around airports, docks, depots, and industrial and commercial plants, excluding utility bodies. 26. "Motor Vehicle": A vehicle which is self-propelled and which is physically capable of being driven on a highway, as defined in Section 415 of the California Vehicle Code. 27. "Paint Spray Booth": A controlled enclosure which meets Uniform Fire Code standards, exhausts through filters or other APCO-approved air pollution control device and provides adequate ventilation, air velocity, and safety features, as required by the Code. 28. "Precoat": Any coating which is applied to bare metal primarily to deactivate the metal surface for corrosion resistance to a subsequent water-based paint. 29. "Pretreatment Wash Primer": Any coating which contains a minimum of 0.5% acid by weight, is necessary to provide surface etching and is applied directly to bare metal surfaces to provide corrosion resistance and adhesion. 30. "Primer": Any coating applied prior to the application of a topcoat for the purpose of corrosion resistance and adhesion of the topcoat. 31. "Primer Sealer": Any coating applied prior to the application of a topcoat for the purpose of corrosion resistance, adhesion of the topcoat, color uniformity, and to promote the ability of an undercoat to resist penetration by the topcoat. 32. "Primer Surfacer": Any coating applied prior to the application of a topcoat for the purpose of corrosion resistance, adhesion of the topcoat, and which promotes a uniform surface by filling in surface imperfections. 33. "Reactive Organic Compound (ROG)": Any organic compound containing at least one atom of carbon, excluding exempt organic compounds. For the purposes of this Rule ROG is equivalent to ROC and VOC. 34. "Reducer": Any volatile liquid used to reduce the viscosity of the coating. This liquid may be solvents, diluents or mixtures of both. 35. "Refinishing": Any coating of vehicles, their exterior parts or components, or mobile equipment, including partial body collision repairs, for the purpose of protection or beautification and which is subsequent to the original coating applied at an Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) plant coating assembly line. 36. "Repair": Recoating portions of a previously coated vehicle wherein the coating has been damaged following the normal painting operation. 37. "Small Production/Utility Bodies": The production of utility bodies at a rate of 20 vehicles per day or less. 38. "Specialty Coatings": Coatings which are necessary due to unusual and uncommon job performance requirements. These coatings include, but are not limited to, adhesion promoters, uniform finish blenders, elastomeric materials, gloss flatteners, bright metal, and trim repair coatings. 39. "Spot Primering": Small area application of a primer to prevent rust or fill surface irregularities prior to the application of the main coating. 40. "Three Stage Coating System": A topcoat system composed of a pigmented basecoat portion, a semi-transparent midcoat portion, and two transparent clearcoat portions. Three-stage coating systems' ROG content shall be calculated according to the following formula: ROGbc + ROGmc + 2 ROGcc ROG T3-stage = ----------------------- 4 Where: ROG T3-stage = the average of the sum of the ROG content as applied in the basecoat (bc), the midcoat (mc), and the clearcoat (cc) system ROGbc = the basecoat ROG content ROGmc = the midcoat ROG content 2 ROGcc = two times the clearcoat ROG content 41. "Topcoat": Any coating applied over a primer or an original OEM finish for the purpose of protection or appearance. For the purposes of this Rule, either a basecoat/clearcoat system or 3-state coating system shall be considered jointly as a topcoat. 42. "Touch-up": Coating operation incidental to the main coating process necessary to cover minor imperfections. 43. "Transfer Efficiency": The ratio of the weight of coating solids which adhere to the object being coated to the weight of coating solids used in the application process, expressed as a percentage. 44. "Utility Body": A special purpose compartment or unit that will be bolted, welded, or affixed onto an existing cab and chassis. The compartment may serve as storage for equipment or parts. C. EXEMPTIONS 1. Any motor vehicle or mobile equipment coating operation which only uses hand-held, nonrefillable aerosol cans, 18 ounces or less, shall be exempt from this Rule. 2. Any coating or cleaning operation subject to the requirements of this Rule shall be exempt from the requirements of Rule 411, Surface Coating of Metal Parts and Products, and Rule 407, Organic Materials. 3. The following Subsections of this Rule shall not apply to the painting of a Group I or Group II vehicle/equipment by the resident of a one or two family dwelling, if that resident is the registered owner of the vehicle or equipment being painted: D.6. Transfer Efficiency, D.9. Spray Booth, and E. Recordkeeping. The operation shall not cause a public nuisance and shall be in compliance with local fire protection agency requirements. 4. Subsection D.9. of this Rule, Spray Booth, shall not apply to repair, touch-up, or spot-primering operations which do not exceed a total of nine square feet per vehicle. All such operations shall be conducted in a controlled area such that the potential for posing a public nuisance including particulate overspray and odors is not established. 5. Coating operations of Group II vehicles/equipment which cannot be reasonably conducted in an available spray booth due to the size and shape of the device may be exempted from Subsection D.9. of this Rule, Spray Booth, on a case-by-case basis with prior written approval of the APCO. D. REQUIREMENTS 1. Group I and II Vehicles/Equipment (color match required). After the applicable effective date indicated below, no person shall finish or refinish any Group I vehicle, their parts and components, any Group II vehicles and mobile equipment where color match is required, or any small production/utility bodies where color match is required, using any coating with an ROG content in excess of the following limits, expressed as grams of ROG per liter of coating applied, excluding water and exempt organic compounds: Limits Grams of ROG per Liter of Applied Coating, Less Water and Less Exempt Organic Compounds Effective Dates 6/22/93 1/1/95 ------- ------ g/L (lbs/gal) g/L (lbs/gal) --- --------- --- --------- Pretreatment Wash Primer 780 (6.5) 420 (3.5) Precoat 780 (6.5) 420 (3.5) Primer/Primer Surfacer 600 (5.0) 250 (2.1) Primer Sealer 420 (3.5) 340 (2.8) Topcoat 600 (5.0) 460 (3.8) Metallic/Iridescent Topcoat 600 (5.0) 540 (4.5) Specialty Coating 840 (7.0) 840 (7.0) 2. Group II Vehicles/Equipment (no color match required). After the applicable effective date indicated below, no person shall finish or refinish Group II vehicles and equipment or their parts and components where color match is not required, small production/utility bodies where color match is not required, or large production/utility bodies, using any coating with a ROG content in excess of the following limits, expressed as grams of ROG per liter of coating applied, excluding water and exempt organic compounds: Limits Grams of ROG per Liter of Applied Coating, Less Water and Less Exempt Organic Compounds Effective Dates 11/19/92 1/1/95 -------- ------ g/L (lbs/gal) g/L (lbs/gal) --- --------- --- --------- Pretreatment Wash Primer 780 (6.5) 420 (3.5) Precoat 780 (6.5) 420 (3.5) Primer 340 (2.8) 250 (2.1) Topcoat 420 (3.5) 340 (2.8) Metallic/Iridescent Topcoat 420 (3.5) 420 (3.5) Extreme Performance 750 (6.2) 420 (3.5) Camouflage 420 (3.5) 420 (3.5) Specialty Coating 840 (7.0) 840 (7.0) 3. Extreme Performance Coating Petition: Any person seeking to use an extreme performance coating in any coating operation shall comply with all of the following requirements until 1/1/95, at which time these conditions do not apply. a. A petition shall be submitted to the APCO stating the performance requirements, volume of coating to be used, and ROG level that is attainable. b. If the APCO grants approval, then that approval shall be valid for one year. If applicable, such petition shall be resubmitted by the applicant on an annual basis. 4. Lacquer Spot/Panel Repair Limits: Effective November 19, 1992, until May 19, 1993, a person shall not spot/panel repair Group I vehicles with existing nitrocellulose or synthetic lacquer finishes using a lacquer coatings in excess of the following limits, expressed as grams of ROG per liter of coating applied, excluding water and exempt organic compounds. Limits Grams of ROG per Liter of Applied Coating, Less Water and Less Exempt Organic Compounds g/L (lbs/gal) --- --------- Pretreatment Wash Primer 780 (6.5) Precoat 780 (6.5) Primer/Primer Surfacer 720 (6.0) Primer Sealer 780 (6.5) Topcoat 780 (6.5) Effective May 19, 1993, a person shall not spot/panel repair Group I vehicles with existing lacquer finishes using any coating with an ROG content in excess of the standards set forth in Subsection D.1. 5. Add-On Control Equipment Option: A person may comply with the provisions of Subsection D. by using air pollution control equipment provided that: a. The emissions collection device shall capture at least 90 percent, by weight, of all the organic emissions from the source to the control equipment, and b. The abatement device shall reduce the organic emissions by at least 95 percent, by weight, and c. Written approval for such equipment is received from the APCO prior to installation. 6. Transfer Efficiency: No person shall apply any coating to any Group I or II vehicle or mobile equipment or their exterior parts and components unless one of the following methods is properly used and has been demonstrated to have achieved a transfer efficiency of at least 65%: a. Hand application methods; b. Electrophoretic Dip coating; c. Electrostatic application; d. High-Volume, Low-Pressure (HVLP) application; or e. Any other coating application method which has been demonstrated to the APCO to be capable of achieving at least 65 percent transfer efficiency. 7. Surface Preparation and Cleanup Solvent: The requirements of this Subsection shall apply to any person using organic solvent for surface preparation and cleanup. a. Closed containers approved by the local fire marshal shall be used for the storage or disposal of solvent-containing cloth or paper used for surface preparation and cleanup. Containers shall be nonabsorbent. b. All ROG containing materials, including but not limited to, fresh or spent solvent, coatings, and reducers, shall be kept in approved, closed containers when not in use. c. No person shall use organic compounds for spray equipment cleanup unless: 1) An enclosed system, or other system that has been demonstrated to be at least equivalent and has been approved by the Air Pollution Control Officer, is properly used for cleaning, and 2) The composite vapor pressure of organic compounds used is less than 45 mm Hg at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. Until July 1, 1993, this requirement (Subsection D.7.c.2) shall not apply to any low emission spray gun cleaner. d. No person shall use ROG-containing materials which have a ROG content of more than 200 grams per liter of material for substrate surface preparation just prior to coating. Higher ROG-containing materials may be used for the removal of wax and grease, but shall not exceed 744 g/L (6.2 lb ROG/gal) of material. 8. Specialty Coatings: No person shall use any specialty coating with a ROG content in excess of 840 g ROG/L of coating applied (7.0 lbs/gal), excluding water and exempt organic compounds. Use of all specialty coatings, except antiglare/safety coatings, shall not exceed 5.0 percent of all coatings applied, on a daily basis, averaged over a 12 month period. 9. Spray Booth: No Group I or Group II motor vehicle/equipment, parts, or components shall be painted, in whole or in part, without using an approved spray booth, except as noted in Subsection C., Exemptions. All spray booths must be approved by the local fire marshal. 10. Prohibition of Specification: No person shall solicit, require for use, or specify the application of a coating on a Group I or II vehicle, mobile equipment, or their parts or components if such use or application results in a violation of the provisions of this Rule. The prohibition of this Section shall apply to all written or oral contracts under the terms of which any coating which is subject to the provisions of this Rule is to be applied to any motor vehicle, mobile equipment, or their parts and components at any physical location within the District. 11. Prohibition of Sale: No person shall supply, offer for sale, or sell within the District any coating, except hand-held, nonrefillable aerosol cans of 18 ounces or less, if the application of such product is prohibited, at the time of sale, by this Section. Compliance with this prohibition shall be determined by measuring the ROG content of each and every component of a coating or coating system which has been reduced using the manufacturer's recommended type and maximum amount of reducer. The prohibition of this Subsection shall apply to the wholesale or retail sale of any coating that will be applied at any physical location within the District and shall not apply to any coating shipped outside of the District for use outside of the District. This requirement shall not apply to the sale or offer of sale of any specially designated coating to any person operating approved air pollution control equipment that meets the requirements of Subsection D.5 if: a. The coating container clearly states: "Use of this coating is a violation of San Luis Obispo County APCD Rule 423 unless the ROG emissions from this coating are controlled by an APCO-approved ROG add-on control device". Removal or defacing of this statement constitutes a violation of the Rule; and b. For each and every amount of this specially designated coating sold, the seller shall maintain a record identifying each buyer's name and address, APCD permit number of the buyer's facility, and amount of each coating sold. This record must be kept for a minimum of two years and made available to the District upon request. 12. Compliance Statement Requirement: The manufacturer of coatings subject to this Rule shall include ROG designations, as supplied, including coating components, expressed in grams per liter or pounds per gallon, excluding water and exempt organic compounds, on labels or data sheets. This designation shall include a statement of manufacturer's recommendation regarding thinning, reducing, or mixing with any other ROG containing materials. This statement shall include a designation of ROG on an as-applied basis, excluding water and exempt solvent based on the manufacturer's recommendations. Omission of this designation shall constitute a violation of this Rule. 13. Coating Containing 1,1,1-Trichloroethane: No person shall apply any coating to any motor vehicle, mobile equipment, or their parts or components, if that coating contains 1,1,1-trichloroethane. E. RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS 1. Any person subject to this Rule shall: a. Maintain and have available during any District inspection, a current list of coatings (including specialty coatings) in-house that provides all of the coating data necessary to evaluate compliance, including the following information, as applicable: 1) The brand name of coating, catalyst and reducer used, listed by part number 2) Mix ratio of components used. 3) ROG content of coating, as applied. 4) The coating category from Subsection D.1 or D.2, Requirements, that corresponds to each coating used. 5) Type of vehicle or equipment to which the coating was applied. b. Maintain records which show on a daily basis the following information: 1) The brand name, part number, and coating category of each coating used. 2) Coating and mix ratio (unit to unit) of components in each coating used. 3) Quantity of each coating, catalyst, and reducer (including each specialty coating) applied in ounces or grams. This quantity need not include toners that are added for color matching after preparation of the initial weighed color batch. 2. Any person subject to the requirements of this Rule shall have the manufacturer's specification sheets of solvents used for substrate surface cleaning available for review and shall maintain records which show on a monthly basis, the following for each solvent: a. Type. b. ROG content of solvent, in grams per liter. c. Volume of solvent used per day. If purchase records are used to determine the amount of solvents used, then records and manifests of the amounts of solvents disposed of or sent to a recycler must also be maintained and made available to the APCO upon request. 3. Any person producing utility bodies must keep records of the number of utility bodies coated each day. 4. All records shall be retained and available for inspection by District personnel for the previous 24 month period. F. TEST METHODS 1. Coating ROG content shall be determined using EPA Method 24. The exempt organic compound content of coatings or solvents shall be determined using ASTM Method D4457-85. 2. The measurement of acid content of pretreatment wash primers shall be done in accordance with ASTM Method D 1613-85 (modified). 3. The measurement of the metal and silicon content of metallic/iridescent coatings shall be determined by South Coast AQMD Method 311 contained in "Laboratory Method of Analysis for Enforcement Samples, Rev 1991." 4. The collection and capture efficiency of organic emissions, as specified in Subsections D.5, Requirements, shall be measured as follows: a. Capture efficiency shall be determined by the EPA Guidelines for Developing Capture Efficiency Protocols from the Federal Register, Part 55, FR 26865, June 29, 1990. b. Measurement of vapor flow through pipes shall be determined by EPA Method 2A. c. Measurement of ROG vapor concentration shall be determined by EPA Method 25A or EPA Method 25B. 5. Transfer Efficiency shall be determined by using a method which shall: a. Be modeled after the test method described in the EPA document (EPA/600/2-88-26b) "Development of Proposed Standard Test Method for Spray Painting Transfer Efficiency." b. Simulate the transfer efficiency achieved during the actual operations. c. Have received prior written approval by the APCO. 6. The composite vapor pressure of a blended solvent shall be determined by quantifying the amount of each organic compound in the blend using gas chromatographic analysis (ASTM 2306-81) and by calculating the composite vapor pressure of the solvent by summing the partial pressures of each compound at 20 degrees Celsius. For the purposes of this calculation, the blend shall be assumed to be an ideal solution where Raoult's Law applies. 7. The active and passive solvent losses from spray gun cleaning systems shall be determined using South Coast Air Quality Management District's "General Test Method for Determining Solvent Losses from Spray Gun Cleaning Systems" dated October 3, 1989. The test solvent for this determination shall be any lacquer thinner with a minimum vapor pressure of 105 mm Hg at 20 degrees Celsius. The minimum test temperature shall be 15 degrees Celsius. 8. The reflectance of anti-glare safety coatings shall be measured by ASTM Test Method D-523. G. COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE For the purpose of this Rule the following compliance schedule shall apply: 1. All subsections of this Rule shall apply to any new facility or source obtaining a District Permit to Operate on or after November 19, 1991. 2. For all existing facilities which either use, specify, or sell coatings within the District, all Subsections of the Rule shall apply on November 19, 1992. 3. Subsection D.9., Spray Booth, shall apply to all existing facilities and sources on November 19, 1991.